Proceedings of the 2^nd Terclim Congress (2026)

Vineyards are particularly sensitive to climatic extremes, especially heatwaves and frost events, whose frequency and intensity are increasing.

Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change. Increases in air temperature, altered rainfall patterns, and more frequent extreme events are key climate impacts influencing crop yields, safety, and quality.

The use of bioclimatic indexes is a common practice to evaluate the suitability of regions for specific crops or cultivars, particularly in viticulture.

One concrete manifestation of the concept of terroir is the identification of Geographical Indications, whose Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) is based on strict geographical boundaries and binding, controlled production rules.

The viticultural landscape of Valle d’Itria (Apulia, Southern Italy), historically characterized by high-biodiversity native white varieties and dry-stone architecture, including the typical «Trulli», has suffered a drastic reduction over the last century.

Fungal diseases such as downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) have a negative impact on grapevine yield.

The business of Cognac brandy has always used “Crus” as quality brands. Georges de Salignac took the initiative of definition and cartography of the different “Crus” near 1850, way before settlement of the appellation.

The “rañas and rañizos” are Plio-Quaternary landform typical of the Iberan Penisula on which singular soil develops and evolve that are considered unique in Europe (Espejo, 1987; Martín-Serrano, 1991).