Terroir 2004 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Relationship between terroir and acidity for the red wine grape cultivar Malbec N or Cot N (Vitis vinifera L.) in AOC “Cahors” and “Côtes du Frontonnais “

Relationship between terroir and acidity for the red wine grape cultivar Malbec N or Cot N (Vitis vinifera L.) in AOC “Cahors” and “Côtes du Frontonnais “

Abstract

[English version below]

L’étude préliminaire, réalisée sur les principaux cépages de la région Midi-Pyrénées, a montré que le Cot N possédait des teneurs en acide tartrique dans les moûts et les vins plus élevées que celles des cépages Négrette N, Tannat N, Duras N et Fer Servadou N.
Ce travail a porté sur l’étude du comportement du cépage Cot N sur les terroirs les plus qualitatifs des deux appellations Cahors et Côtes du Frontonnais, ainsi que sur la mise en évidence de l’effet éventuel du terroir sur l’acidité des moûts et des vins.
Les résultats montrent le rôle important joué par la nature physico-chimique des sols sur l’absorption et la translocation des éléments minéraux, et en particulier du potassium par la vigne. Quelque soit le terroir, le Cot N synthétise des quantités similaires d’acides malique et tartrique, mais, celles-ci diffèrent significativement au seuil α = 5 %. Alors que l’acidité titrable et le pH des moûts varient très peu selon le terroir, les pH des vins varient beaucoup en fonction de la nature des sols. Sur les terroirs acides, ces différences sont faibles, alors qu’elles sont très importantes sur le terroir calcaire. Ceci confirme le rôle capital joué par le potassium, qui, au cours de la vinification, entraîne des précipitations importantes d’acide tartrique sous forme de bitartrate de potassium, et corrélativement, l’augmentation du pH des vins. La qualité des vins est donc très dépendante de la prise en compte de la nutrition minérale du cépage et de la pratique d’une fertilisation raisonnée.

A preliminary study on the main red wine grape cultivars of the Midi-Pyrénées area showed that The Cot N presents higher tartaric acid contents in musts and wines than the Négrette, Tannat, Duras and Fer Servadou grape cultivars.
The Cot N grape cultivar is widely planted in the most qualitive terroirs of the “Cahors” and “Côtes du Frontonnais” appellations. Our study focuses on the behaviour of Cot N and therefore, on the possible terroir
effect on Cot N must and wine acidity.
The results show the important role played by the physical and chemical nature of soils in plant nutrient uptake and translocation (particularly potassium). Whatever the terroir, Cot N synthesizes similar quantities of malic and tartaric acids; yet differences are significant α = 5 %. Even if titrable acidity and must pH do not vary much from one terroir to another, pH variation in wines is high depending on the nature of soils. On acidic soils, differences are insignificant whereas they are very important on calcareous soils. These observations confirm the main role of potassium during vinification. Indeed, it accounts for considerable precipitations of tartaric acid in bitartrate of potassium form and for a correlative increase in wine pH levels. The quality of wines depends on a good understanding of mineral nutrition and a reasoned fertilization practice.

DOI:

Publication date: January 12, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2004

Type: Article

Authors

F. Attia (1), E. Besnard (2), F. Laffargue (2), D. Fort (1) and M. Garcia (1)

(1) Centre de Viticulture-Œnologie de Midi-Pyrénées; Avenue de l’Agrobiopôle Auzeville Tolosane, B.P. 107 F – 31320 Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France
(2) Association d’Expérimentation de la Ferme Départementale d’Anglars-Juillac – 46140 Anglars-Juillac, France

Contact the author

Keywords

Terroir, cot n, must and wine acidity, potassium, tartaric and malic acids

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2004

Citation

Related articles…

The ability of wine yeasts fermenting by the addition of exogenous biotin

Research is focused on the increase of the field of obtaining the wine yeast, under physical and chemical conditions. Study of different influences on yeast production is very important for the promotion

Wood from barrique: release of phenolic compounds and permeability to oxygen

Chemical and sensory changes occurring in red wine during ageing in oak barrique are due to the slow and gradual entrance of oxygen along with a release of ellagic tannin from the wood. Though oxygen can enter the cask through the bunghole, it is not clear the role of permeation through the wood staves as well as the amount of oxygen entering by permeation. The distribution of the released ellagic tannins in the wine ageing is also unknown. The oxygen passing through the bunghole may have a different wine ageing effect compared to the oxygen permeating through the wooden staves owing to the uneven ellagic tannin concentration throughout the wine.

A multidisciplinary approach to evaluate the effects of the training system on the performance of “Aglianico del Vulture” vineyards

Vineyards are complex agro-ecosystems with high spatial and temporal variability. An efficient training system may counteract the adverse effects of this variability. Moreover, considering the climate change issues, choosing an efficient training system that enhances water use and protects the vines from radiative thermal stress has become a priority for the farmers. A multidisciplinary approach that assesses the soil-crop-yield-wine relationships of vineyards in a distributed and holistic way could bring added knowledge on the behavior of the different training systems. This ongoing research aimed to implement a multidisciplinary approach to study the behavior of “Aglianico del Vulture” grapevines trained with two different systems: a spurred cordon (SC) and an “Alberello in parete” (AL), grown in a high-quality wine production area of Basilicata region (Italy). The approach merged several methods and scales of soil, ecophysiology, must/wine quality, and spectral data collection to assess the influence of the training system. Homogeneous zones (HZs) in both training systems were defined through a procedure based on geomorphological classification, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) images analysis, and a traditional soil survey supported by geophysical scanning. During the 2021 season, TDR probes monitored soil water content, while grapevine health status was assessed using eco-physiological measurements (LWP, chlorophyll content, PSII photosynthetic efficiency, LAI, and point-based field spectroscopy). These grapevine in-vivo measurements validated the spectral vegetation indexes (NDVI, RENDVI, CVI, and TVI) derived from the UAV multispectral imagery, which monitored the grapevine status in a distributed and non-invasive way. Grape yield, quality of berries, must and wine were measured to assess the effects of the training systems. The first experimental year results showed the variability of the vineyards and revealed relationships among soil parameters, crop characteristics, and vegetation indices of the SC and AL training systems. This multidisciplinary study could bring new insights into the vineyard training system’s effects on grape yield and wine quality.

Anthocyanins Chemistry During Red Wine Ageing

Anthocyanins are the main pigments present in young red wines, being responsible for their intense red color. These pigment in aqueous solutions occur in different forms in equilibrium that are dependent on the pH

Rootstock effect on Cabernet Sauvignon aromatic and chemical composition

Grape quality potential for wine production is strongly influenced by environmental parameters and agronomic factors. Several studies underline the rootstock effect on scions vegetative growth and berry composition [1] with an impact on wine quality. Rootstocks are promising agronomic tools for climate change adaptation and in most grape-growing regions the potential diversity of rootstocks is not fully used and only a few genotypes are planted. Moreover, little is known about the effect of rootstock genetic variability on the aromatic composition in wines.