Terroir 2010 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Diurnal cycles of grapevine leaf water potential under field conditions

Diurnal cycles of grapevine leaf water potential under field conditions

Abstract

[English version below]

Les cycles journaliers du potentiel hydrique foliaire (Ψl) ont été établis toutes les heures, pour différents stades phénologiques, sur deux localités et en fonction de différentes mesures de la température de l’air et du déficit en pression de vapeur (VPD). De faibles valeurs pour ces 2 paramètres ont été enregistrées tout au long de la saison à l’endroit le plus frais. Les mesures du potentiel hydrique foliaire obtenues au stade floraison montrent que les vignes de Sauvignon blanc à l’endroit le plus frais, ont subi un stress hydrique plus important au cours de la journée par rapport aux vignes situées à l’endroit plus chaud. De plus le potentiel hydrique du sol (Ψm) obtenu sur les sols bien drainés de la localité plus fraîche, à ce même stade, était d’environ -0.03 MPa comparés au -0.01 MPa de la localité plus chaude. Ceci laisse à penser que le statut hydrique de la vigne durant la journée est d’abord contrôlé par la teneur en eau du sol. Les différences de statut hydrique entre les deux endroits diminuent progressivement durant la phase de croissance végétative et ce, jusqu’à la période suivant les vendanges durant laquelle le potentiel foliaire obtenu à l’endroit plus frais devenait supérieur à celui obtenu à l’endroit plus chaud. Les valeurs relativement faibles du potentiel hydrique obtenues à l’aube à l’endroit plus frais, indiquent que les vignes étaient exposées à un important stress hydrique comme le montre la faible teneur en eau du sol (Ψm= -0.77 MPa). La fermeture stomatique partielle observée sur les vignes de l’endroit plus frais, ont permis d’éviter de trop sévères stress hydriques (Ψl < -1.2 MPa) durant les plus chaudes heures de la journée. Cependant ce mécanisme de résistance fut à peine observé à l’endroit plus chaud.
On peut donc conclure sur ces résultats, qu’un faible potentiel hydrique obtenu à l’aube, ne conduira pas forcément à un stress hydrique plus important durant les plus chaudes heures de la journée, et vice versa. La détermination des cycles hydriques journaliers, ainsi que le stress hydrique observés sur une journée entière à différents stades phénologiques sont donc indispensables si l’on veut comprendre et quantifier l’effet du terroir sur le statut hydrique de la vigne.

Diurnal cycles of leaf water potential (Ψl) were established on an hourly basis at various phenological stages at two localities with different air temperature and vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Lower air temperature and VPD values were recorded consistently throughout the season at the cooler locality. Leaf water potential measurements at flowering showed that Sauvignon blanc grapevines at this cooler locality were subjected to a higher degree of water stress throughout the day compared to grapevines at the warmer locality. At this phenological stage, soil water matric potential (Ψm) of the well-drained soil at the cooler locality was ca -0.03 MPa compared to ca -0.01 MPa at the warmer locality. This suggested that diurnal grapevine water status was primarily controlled by soil water content. The difference in grapevine water status between the two localities gradually diminished as the growth season progressed until the post harvest period when Ψl in grapevines at the cooler locality tended to be higher compared to those at the warmer one. The relatively low pre-dawn Ψl at the cooler locality during this measurement cycle indicated that the grapevines were exposed to excessive water stress as a result of the low soil water content (i.e. Ψm = -0.77 MPa). Partial stomatal closure in grapevines at the cooler locality, however, prevented excessive water stress (i.e. Ψl < -1.2 MPa) during the warmest part of the day compared to grapevines at the warmer terroir where almost no stomatal control occurred.
It appears from these results that low pre-dawn Ψl values do not necessarily imply that grapevines will experience more water stress during the warmest part of the day, or vice versa. Hence, determination of daily water status cycles, as well as the accumulated water stress over the full diurnal cycle at various phenological stages is invaluable in order to understand and quantify terroir effects on grapevine water status.

DOI:

Publication date: January 12, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2004

Type: Article

Authors

M. Laker (1), P.A. Myburgh (1) and E. Archer (2)

(1) ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa
(2) LUSAN Premium Wines, Private Bag 104, 7599 Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa

Contact the author

Keywords

Soil water matric potential, diurnal cycles, leaf water potential, accumulated water stress

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2004

Citation

Related articles…

INSIGHT THE IMPACT OF GRAPE PRESSING ON MUST COMPOSITION

The pre-fermentative steps play a relevant role for the characteristics of white wine [1]. In particular, the grape pressing can affect the chemical composition and sensory profile and its optimized management leads to the desired extraction of aromas and their precursors, and phenols resulting in a balanced wine [2-4]. These aspects are important especially for must addressed to the sparkling wine as appropriate extraction of phenols is expected being dependent to grape composition, as well.

High density balsamic vinegar: application of stable isotope ratio analysis to determine watering down.

Aceto balsamico di Modena IGP (ABM) is an Italian worldwide appreciated PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) vinegar,  obtained from cooked and/or concentrated grape must (at least 20% of the volume), with the addition of at least 10% of wine vinegar and a maximum 2% of caramel for color stability (EU Reg. 583/ 2009).

Changes in red wine composition during bottle aging: impacts of viticultural conditions and oxygen availability

Bottle ageing is considered essential for most premium red wine production. An important aim of bottle ageing of wine is to achieve a balance between the oxidative and reductive development. This is typically evaluated by the accumulation of aldehyde compounds (causing oxidative off-flavour) and sulfur-containing compounds (causing reductive off-flavour) in the wine [1]

Effect of non-Saccharomyces yeast and lactic acid bacteria on selected sensory attributes and polyphenols of Syrah wines

Consumers predominantly use visual, aromatic and texture cues as quality/preference indicators to describe olfactory sensations. In this study, the effect of micro-organism in wine production was investigated using analytical and sensory techniques to achieve relevant analytical characterisation. Selected anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, flavonols and phenolic acids were quantified in Syrah wines using RP-HPLC-DAD. Standard oenological parameters were also measured. Syrah grape must was fermented with various combinations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) and non-Saccharomyces (Metschnikowia pulcherrima or Hanseniaspora uvarum) yeasts, which was followed by sequential inoculation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Oenococcus oeni or Lactobacillus plantarum).

Long-Term impact of elevated CO2 exposure on grapevine physiology (Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Riesling & Cabernet Sauvignon)

Over the next 25 years, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2013) predicts a ~20% increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration compared to the current level. Concurrently, temperatures are steadily rising. Grapevines, known for their climate sensitivity, will show changes in phenology, physiological processes and grape compositions in response. Investigating eco-physiological processes provides insights into the response of field-grown grapevines to elevated CO2 conditions. A Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) facility was established in the Rheingau region of Germany. Two grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L., cvs. Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon) were planted, with the VineyardFACE comprising three rings with ambient atmospheric CO2 (approx. 400 – 420 ppm from 2014 to 2023, aCO2) and three rings with elevated CO2 concentration (+20% to ambient; eCO2).