Terroir 2004 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Sugar loading and phenolic accumulation as affected by ripeness level of Syrah/R99 grapes

Sugar loading and phenolic accumulation as affected by ripeness level of Syrah/R99 grapes

Abstract

[English version below]

Le chargement et l’accumulation des sucres ainsi que la biosynthèse des phénols ont été étudiés sur la Syrah, dans le cadre d’un programme de recherche de paramètres qui permettraient de déterminer une ou plusieurs qualités de raisin en relation avec des styles de vins pour un terroir donné. La relation entre la dynamique d’accumulation des sucres et, en parallèle, la biosynthèse des phénols a été étudiée sur Syrah/99R plantée dans un vignoble situé sur la station expérimentale de ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch (Afrique du Sud). La cinétique des analyses a été réalisée depuis le stade post floraison (nouaison) jusqu’au stade sur-maturation. Les vignes sont conduites en Espalier (2,75m x 1,5m), les rangs sont orientés nord – sud, le vignoble est en pente orientée est. Une irrigation par micro aspersion est appliquée de la nouaison à la véraison. La hauteur de végétation est de 1,4 m, avec 3 hauteurs de fils de palissage. Les vignes sont ébourgeonnées, palissées et écimées. La dynamique d’accumulation des sucres par baie a été étudiée à l’aide d’un protocole développé par Deloire et al., 2004 (sous presse). La biosynthèse des phénols (tanins totaux et leur degré de polymérisation, proanthocyanidols et anthocyanes) a été étudiée par spectrophotométrie et HPLC pour les anthocyanes. Le sucre est utilisé comme indicateur des relations vigne – baie (relations source – puits).
Les tanins totaux (TT) de la baie sont synthétisés depuis l’anthèse jusqu’à la véraison. Leur concentration augmente durant la croissance herbacée des baies. Elle diminue en concentration de véraison à maturation, alors que durant cette période, la quantité de TT par baie est stable. Quand les sucres sont utilisés comme indicateur physiologique, il ressort clairement que la biosynthèse des anthocyanes évolue, par baie, jusqu’à ce que ces dernières atteignent un contenu en sucre de 20 – 21 °Brix. Après ce point, l’évolution des anthocyanes par baie est indépendante de l’évolution du contenu en sucre par baie, qui se fait alors essentiellement par concentration (perte d’eau de la baie). Le chargement actif des baies en sucre est dépendant de la photosynthèse des feuilles et la régulation du déchargement phloémien du sucre dans les baies semble en partie dépendante du microclimat des grappes et des baies elles mêmes. Le chargement actif en sucre de la baie n’est pas directement corrélé à son volume.

Sugar loading and phenolic accumulation in Syrah grapes were investigated as part of an elaborate study to determine parameters that would indicate high grape quality and different grape and wine styles on a particular terroir. The relationship between the dynamics of sugar loading and phenolic accumulation in the berries of a Syrah/R99 vineyard, situated at the ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij , in the Stellenbosch region (South Africa), was investigated from pea size stage (green berry) to late maturity. Vines were vertically trained and spaced 2.75 x 1.5 m in north-south orientated rows on a terroir with Glenrosa soil and a west-facing slope. Microsprinkler-irrigation was applied at pea berry size and at véraison stages. The 1.4 m high canopies were suckered, shoot-positioned and topped and accommodated by means of three sets of double wires. The dynamics of berry sugar loading were studied by a method from Deloire et al, 2004 (under publication), the berry phenolic composition (total tannins and polymerisation, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins) was analysed by spectrophotometry and anthocyanins by HPLC. Sugar was used as physiological indicator of the plant-berry (source-sink) relationship and as bunch microclimatic indicator.
The total tannin (TT) component in the berry was synthesised from anthesis to véraison. The TT concentration increased during the green berry growth stages and decreased during ripening as the berry increased in volume. The TT per berry also increased during the green berry growth stages, but kept stable during ripening. When sugar content per berry is used as physiological indicator, it is clear that anthocyanin biosynthesis occurred until a specific berry sugar content, i.e. 20 – 21 0Brix, is reached. After this point, anthocyanin evolution per berry seemed independent of berry sugar evolution, which is at that time mainly due to concentration (berry water loss) than to loading. Thus, although berry sugar loading is dependent on photosynthetic activity of the leaves, the regulation of sugar phloem unloading in the berry sink seemed to be, in part, affected by the microclimate that the berry experienced. Berry sugar loading was not directly correlated with berry volume.

DOI:

Publication date: January 10, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2004

Type: Article

Authors

A. Deloire (1), E. Kraeva (1), M. Martin (2) et J.J. Hunter (3)

(1) Agro Montpellier, UMR 1083 « sciences pour l’œnologie et la viticulture », 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France
(2) INRA, Unité expérimentale de Pech Rouge, 11430 Gruissan, France
(3) ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa

Contact the author

Keywords

Vitis vinifera, bunch, sugar, microclimate, indicator, vine functioning

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2004

Citation

Related articles…

Territoire, terroir et marché du vin à la production

Work aimed at understanding the relationship between a terroir, in the agronomic sense, and the physico-chemical characteristics of grapes or wine are numerous today, as evidenced by the program of this symposium. But for an economist, the central question remains to know how the terroir can intervene in the construction of the economic value of wine and in the differentiation of its prices. Is the terroir effect recognized by the end consumer or is it only an internal adjustment variable in the production systems? Through which indicators can this terroir effect be managed by the various operators in the sector? In the end, isn’t it better to invoke a “territorial effect” that the actors can build, and of which the terroir would be one of the possible components?

Metabolomic fingerprint changes during the alcoholic fermentation at industrial level of Muscat of Alexandria grape must

Muscat of Alexandria is one of the oldest cultivars still existing, globally recognized for its distinctive aroma, and the primary grape variety cultivated in the Greek Island of Lemnos, yielding various white wines with designated origins.

Crop water stress index as a tool to estimate vine water status

Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) has long been a ratio to quantify relative plant water status in several crop and woody plants. Given its rather well relationship to either leaf or stem water potential and the feasibility to sample big vineyard areas as well as to collect quite a huge quantity of data with airborne cameras and image processing applications, it is being studied as a tool for irrigation monitoring in commercial vineyards. The objective of this paper was to know if CWSI estimated by measuring leaf temperature with an infrared hand held camera could be used to substitute the measure of stem water potential (SWP) without losing accuracy of plant water status measure.

Cover crop management and termination timing have different effects on the maturation and water potentials of Glera (Vitis vinifera L.) in Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Inter-row soil tillage in vineyards, stimulates vigor and production due to the absence of competition for water and nutrients, however negatively affects organic matter content, soil erosion, and compaction, resulting in reduced fertility. In this study, we investigated the effects of different cover crop management approaches, including cultivation type and termination timing, on the physiological and productive responses of a Glera vineyard.
The experimental trial was conducted in Precenicco (UD) from 2019 to 2021. A commercial mixture for autumn cover cropping was sown in alternating rows, and the sowing pattern was changed each year.

Soil monoliths, soil variability and terroir

Aim: The aim of this work is educating people about soil variability and terroir. Soil monoliths are used to educate the wine industry about how to describe a soil profile, interpret the soil formation processes operating in a particular soil profile and consequently the impact of soil properties on vine growth, fruit quality and wine production. Soil monoliths are a permanent artistic tool for educating, research and management of soil variability.