Terroir 2004 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Sugar loading and phenolic accumulation as affected by ripeness level of Syrah/R99 grapes

Sugar loading and phenolic accumulation as affected by ripeness level of Syrah/R99 grapes

Abstract

[English version below]

Le chargement et l’accumulation des sucres ainsi que la biosynthèse des phénols ont été étudiés sur la Syrah, dans le cadre d’un programme de recherche de paramètres qui permettraient de déterminer une ou plusieurs qualités de raisin en relation avec des styles de vins pour un terroir donné. La relation entre la dynamique d’accumulation des sucres et, en parallèle, la biosynthèse des phénols a été étudiée sur Syrah/99R plantée dans un vignoble situé sur la station expérimentale de ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch (Afrique du Sud). La cinétique des analyses a été réalisée depuis le stade post floraison (nouaison) jusqu’au stade sur-maturation. Les vignes sont conduites en Espalier (2,75m x 1,5m), les rangs sont orientés nord – sud, le vignoble est en pente orientée est. Une irrigation par micro aspersion est appliquée de la nouaison à la véraison. La hauteur de végétation est de 1,4 m, avec 3 hauteurs de fils de palissage. Les vignes sont ébourgeonnées, palissées et écimées. La dynamique d’accumulation des sucres par baie a été étudiée à l’aide d’un protocole développé par Deloire et al., 2004 (sous presse). La biosynthèse des phénols (tanins totaux et leur degré de polymérisation, proanthocyanidols et anthocyanes) a été étudiée par spectrophotométrie et HPLC pour les anthocyanes. Le sucre est utilisé comme indicateur des relations vigne – baie (relations source – puits).
Les tanins totaux (TT) de la baie sont synthétisés depuis l’anthèse jusqu’à la véraison. Leur concentration augmente durant la croissance herbacée des baies. Elle diminue en concentration de véraison à maturation, alors que durant cette période, la quantité de TT par baie est stable. Quand les sucres sont utilisés comme indicateur physiologique, il ressort clairement que la biosynthèse des anthocyanes évolue, par baie, jusqu’à ce que ces dernières atteignent un contenu en sucre de 20 – 21 °Brix. Après ce point, l’évolution des anthocyanes par baie est indépendante de l’évolution du contenu en sucre par baie, qui se fait alors essentiellement par concentration (perte d’eau de la baie). Le chargement actif des baies en sucre est dépendant de la photosynthèse des feuilles et la régulation du déchargement phloémien du sucre dans les baies semble en partie dépendante du microclimat des grappes et des baies elles mêmes. Le chargement actif en sucre de la baie n’est pas directement corrélé à son volume.

Sugar loading and phenolic accumulation in Syrah grapes were investigated as part of an elaborate study to determine parameters that would indicate high grape quality and different grape and wine styles on a particular terroir. The relationship between the dynamics of sugar loading and phenolic accumulation in the berries of a Syrah/R99 vineyard, situated at the ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij , in the Stellenbosch region (South Africa), was investigated from pea size stage (green berry) to late maturity. Vines were vertically trained and spaced 2.75 x 1.5 m in north-south orientated rows on a terroir with Glenrosa soil and a west-facing slope. Microsprinkler-irrigation was applied at pea berry size and at véraison stages. The 1.4 m high canopies were suckered, shoot-positioned and topped and accommodated by means of three sets of double wires. The dynamics of berry sugar loading were studied by a method from Deloire et al, 2004 (under publication), the berry phenolic composition (total tannins and polymerisation, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins) was analysed by spectrophotometry and anthocyanins by HPLC. Sugar was used as physiological indicator of the plant-berry (source-sink) relationship and as bunch microclimatic indicator.
The total tannin (TT) component in the berry was synthesised from anthesis to véraison. The TT concentration increased during the green berry growth stages and decreased during ripening as the berry increased in volume. The TT per berry also increased during the green berry growth stages, but kept stable during ripening. When sugar content per berry is used as physiological indicator, it is clear that anthocyanin biosynthesis occurred until a specific berry sugar content, i.e. 20 – 21 0Brix, is reached. After this point, anthocyanin evolution per berry seemed independent of berry sugar evolution, which is at that time mainly due to concentration (berry water loss) than to loading. Thus, although berry sugar loading is dependent on photosynthetic activity of the leaves, the regulation of sugar phloem unloading in the berry sink seemed to be, in part, affected by the microclimate that the berry experienced. Berry sugar loading was not directly correlated with berry volume.

DOI:

Publication date: January 10, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2004

Type: Article

Authors

A. Deloire (1), E. Kraeva (1), M. Martin (2) et J.J. Hunter (3)

(1) Agro Montpellier, UMR 1083 « sciences pour l’œnologie et la viticulture », 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France
(2) INRA, Unité expérimentale de Pech Rouge, 11430 Gruissan, France
(3) ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa

Contact the author

Keywords

Vitis vinifera, bunch, sugar, microclimate, indicator, vine functioning

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2004

Citation

Related articles…

Climate change projections to support the transition to climate-smart viticulture

The Earth’s system is undergoing major changes through a wide range of spatial and temporal scales as a response to growing anthropogenic radiative forcing, which is pushing the whole system far beyond its natural variability. Sources of greenhouse gases largely exceed their sinks, thus leading to a strengthened greenhouse effect. More energy is thereby being supplied to the system, with inevitable shifts in climatic patterns and weather regimes. Over the last decades, these modifications have been manifested in the full statistical distributions of the atmospheric variables, with dramatic changes in the frequency and intensity of extremes. Natural hazards, such as severe droughts, floods, forest fires, or heatwaves, are being triggered by extreme atmospheric events worldwide, thus threatening human activities. Viticultculture is not only exposed to changing climates but is also highly vulnerable, as grapevine phenology and physiological development are strongly controlled by atmospheric conditions. Therefore, the assessment of climate change projections for a given region is critical for climate change adaptation and risk reduction in viticulture. By adopting timely and suitable measures, the future sustainability and resiliency of the sector can be fostered. Climate-grapevine chain modelling is an essential tool for better planning and management. However, the accuracy of the resulting projections is limited by many uncertainties that must be duly taken into account when transferring knowledge to stakeholders and decision-makers. Climate-smart viticulture will comprise ensembles of locally tuned strategies, envisioning both adaptation and mitigation, assisted by emerging technologies and decision-support systems.

Characterization of different clone candidates of xinomavro according to their phenolic composition

Context and purpose of the study ‐ The aim of this study is the examination of wines of 9 different clones of a Greek grape variety Xinomavro, (ΧE1, X19, X22, X28, ΧE2 X30, X31, X35, X36, X37), with regards to their phenolic and anthocyanin content and chemical composition.

Hyperspectral imaging for the appraisal of varietal aroma composition along maturation in intact Vitis vinifera L. Tempranillo Blanco berries

The knowledge of the grape aromatic composition during ripening provides very important information for winegrowers, who may carry out different viticultural practices, or determine the harvest date more accurately. However, there are currently no tools that allow this measurement to be carried out in a non-invasive and rapid way. For this reason, the aim of this work was to design a non-invasive methodology, based on hyperspectral imaging to estimate the aromatic composition and total soluble solids (TSS) of Tempranillo Blanco berries during ripening.

Red wine astringency: correlations between chemical and sensory features

Astringency is a crucial sensory attribute typically described as the drying and/or puckering sensation occurring after the consumption of tannin-rich foods and beverages. In this study, thirty-seven red wines from different varieties, origins and styles were evaluated, analyzing both chemical and sensory features. Principal Component Analysis was used for dimensionality-reduction and for correlating selected chemical parameters against astringency. The results showed that tannin content was the most important chemical parameter influencing overall astringency but more clearly the dryness sub-quality, followed by pH, titratable acidity and alcohol content.

Comparison of the free radical-scavenging activity in infected oidium and sound dolcetto grape cultivar grown in a terroir of Central Italy

The importance of polyphenols, which are present in many vegetables and grapes too, is well-know and documented. Specific research works about the red grape