Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Application of the simplified quality bioclimatical index of Fregoni: suggestion of using its evolution curve

Application of the simplified quality bioclimatical index of Fregoni: suggestion of using its evolution curve

Abstract

Les indices bioclimatiques constituent un bon outil pour piloter le développement vitivinicole dans une région précise. Plusieurs indices bioclimatiques ont été proposés par la littérature mondiale (WINKLER 1970; HIDALGO, 1980; HUGLIN, 1986, TONIETO et CARBONEAU, 2000), mais pour des raisons physiologiques ces indices n’incluent pas dans leurs formules les températures journalières inférieures à 10 °C, à l’exception de l’indice de FREGONI (FREGONI et PEZZUTTO, 2000). Cet auteur établit une relation entre les variations thermiques, les températures inférieures à 10 °C et la qualité des vins, en particulier pour les 30 jours précédant les vendanges. Parmi les indices appliqués au Chili, celui de WINKLER et AMERINE (WINKLER, 1970) est probablement le plus utilisé, cependant il présente quelques liplites (Mc INTYRE et al. 1987; JACKSON et CHERRY, 1988) et des résultats incongrus ont été signalés pour le Chili. En effet, il classe dans le même groupe des zones littorales avec d’autres proches à la cordillère des Andes, présentant des températures moyennes similaires mais avec des variations thermiques sensiblement différentes (SANTIBANEZ et al. (1984).
FREGONI et PEZZUTTO (2000) affirment que le Chili présente les plus hautes variations thermiques journalières pendant le mois précédant la récolte, ce qui justifierait l’utilisation de l’indice de FREGONI pour la vitiviniculture de ce pays.
On a utilisé la formule simplifiée de l’indice de FREGONI (IFss), en multipliant l’amplitude thermique par le nombre de jours au-dessous de 10 °C pour le mois précédant la récolte, sans, prendre en compte le nombre d’heures pendant lesquelles ces températures au-dessous de 10 °C se maintiennent : IFss = Σ (T maxima – T minima)*Σ (N° jours < 10° C). L’indice de FREGONI est calculé pour le mois précédant la récolte, en l’occurrence, le mois de mars pour l’hémisphère sud.
Le calcul de l’indice de FREGONI pour différents lieux de la région du Maule au Chili permet de différencier 4 zones agroclimatiques. Ces valeurs obtenues ne correspondent pas .aux niveaux les plus élevés possibles pour ces zones, qui se produisent généralement pendant le mois d’avril.
Par ailleurs, au Chili et plus particulièrement dans les zones de la région du Maule, les vendanges s’étalent, en fonction du cépage, du mois de février à mai. Par conséquent, le calcul de l’indice uniquement pour le mois de mars se révèle inapproprié.
Afin de mieux caractériser chaque lieu, on propose donc l’utilisation de la courbe d’évolution de IFss, caractérisée par 4 périodes. Cette courbe d’évolution de l’indice peut avoir différentes applications pratiques.

Bioclimatic indices are good tools to orientate the development of viticultural areas. Several bioclimatic indices have been proposed in international literature (WINKLER 1970; HIDALGO, 1980; HUGLIN, 1986, TONIETO et CARBONEAU, 2000) but, for physiological reasons, daily temperatures under 10°C are not included, excepted in FREGONl’s index (FREGONI and PEZZUTTO, 2000). These authors establishes a relationship between daily temperature variations, temperatures under 10°C and wine quality, for the 30 days before harvest.
WINKLER and AMERINE’s index (WINKLER, 1970) is certainly the most frequently used, among different climatic indices used in Chile. However, it has some limitations (Mc INTYRE et al. 1987; JACKSON and CHERRY, 1988) and some wrong results have been reported for Chile. In fact, this index classifies in the same class coastal zones and closed to the Andes mountains areas. For these two areas, average temperatures are similar but daily variations oftemperature are quite different (SANTIBANEZ et al. 1984).
FREGONI and PEZZUTTO (2000) observed that Chile presents the highest daily variations of temperature during the month before harvest and suggested that it could justify the use of FREGONI’ s index for Chilean viticultural areas.
Simplified FREGONI’ s indice (lfss) was used by multiplying daily temperature amplitude and the number of days under 10°C, for the month before harvest, but not regarding duration of temperature under 10°C period: Ifss = S (T maxima – T minima)*S (N° days < 10° C). FREGONI’ s index is calculated for the month before harvest, March for the southern hemisphere.
FREGONI’ s index was applied to different areas of Chilean Maule region and 4 agroclimatic zones were distinguished. Results don’t correspond to the highest potential levels for these areas, generally found in April. In Chile, and more particularly in the Maule region, the harvest period spread from February to May, according to the cultivar. Consequently, FREGONl’s index application only for March is quite inexact. The lfss curve evolution, characterized by 4 periods, is proposed to characterize viticultural areas. This curve presents different practical applications.

 

 

 

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue:Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

Ph. PSZCZOLKOWSKJ (1), E. ALEMP ARTE (1) and M. I. CARDENAS (2)

(1) Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología
Facultad de Agronomia e Ingenieria Forestal
Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
Casilla 306-22, Santiago, Chile
(2) CIREN-CORFO
Manuel Montt 1164; Santiago, Chile

Contact the author

Keywords

Chili, zonage vitivinicole, indice bioclimatique
Chile, viti-vinicultural zoning, bio-climatic index

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

What practices in the vineyard lead to the production of wines that consistently win medals?

High quality wines start in the vineyard however little is known about the role vineyard management practices play in this quality outcome. Gold medals and well-known regionality increase consumer preference for purchasing a wine. An increase in the former will certainly also drive an increase in the latter and therefore practices in production that consistently lead to gold medal winning wines will improve both the marketability of the region and its products. It is argued that vinification is the main driver of wine quality and in fact, the presence of some oak compounds is a well-known consumer and expert mark of quality. However, only select wines are vinified in oak and therefore the original grape quality at the winery door must in fact drive all further downstream vinification decisions.

Effect of foliar treatment of methyl jasmonate and nanoparticles doped with methyl jasmonate on Monastrell grape skin cell wall

The use of elicitors to promote the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in grapes has been tackled in several reports, however its study linked to nanotechnology is less developed.

Time vs drought: leaf age rather than drought drives osmotic adjustment in V. vinifera cv. Pinot Noir

Global warming and increased frequency and/or severity of drought events are among the most threatening consequences of climate change for agricultural crops. In response to drought, grapevine (as many other plants) exhibits osmotic adjustment through active accumulation of osmolytes which in turn shift the leaf turgor loss point (TLP) to more negative values, allowing to maintain stomata opened at lower water potentials1. We investigated the capacity of Pinot noir leaves to modulate their osmotic potential as a function of: (i) time (seasonal osmoregulation), (ii) growing temperatures, and (iii) drought events, to enhance comprehension of the resilience of grapevines in drought conditions. We performed trails under semi-controlled field conditions, and in two different greenhouse chambers (20/15 °C vs 25/20 °C day/night). For two consecutive vegetative seasons, grafted potted grapevines (Pinot noir/SO4) were subjected to two different water regimes for at least 30 days: well-watered (WW) and water deficit (WD).

Induction of polyphenols in seedlings of Vitis vinifera cv. Monastrell by the application of elicitors

Contamination problems arising from the use of pesticides in viticulture have raised concerns. One of the alternatives to reduce contamination is the use of elicitors, molecules capable of stimulating the natural defences of plants, promoting the production of phenolic compounds (PC) that offer protection against biotic and abiotic stress. Previous studies on Cabernet-Sauvignon seedlings demonstrated that foliar application of elicitors methyl jasmonate (MeJ) and benzothiadiazole (BTH) increased proteins and PC involved in grapevine defence mechanisms. However, no trials had been conducted on Monastrell seedlings, a major winegrape variety in Spain.

Yeast Derivatives: A Promising Alternative In Wine Oxidation Prevention?

Oxidation processes constitute a main problem in winemaking. Oxidation result in color browning and varietal aroma loss, which are key attributes of wine organoleptic quality [1]. Despite the mechanisms involved in wine oxidation have been extensively reviewed [2], the protection of wine against oxidative spoilage remains one of the main goals of winemaking.
SO2 is one of the most efficient wine antioxidants used to prevent oxidation and microbial spoilage. However, intolerances caused by SO2 have led to the reduction of its concentration in wines.