Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Natural variability and vine-growers behaviour

Natural variability and vine-growers behaviour

Abstract

[English version below]

Le vigneron est confronté à une variabilité naturelle omniprésente, liée au millésime et aux facteurs pédoclimatiques. Depuis 10 ans, en Champagne, la relation qu’entretient le vigneron avec l’espace a évolué. Les exemples d’entreprises collectives à vocation territoriale se sont multipliés : gestion de l’hydraulique viticole, maillages de groupements de conseil viticole (Magister), sites en confusion sexuelle, réseau maturation, analyses de sols par secteur, … Parallèlement, au niveau technique, des travaux de caractérisation du milieu naturel ont été initiés début 1990 en Champagne. Un réseau de stations climatiques a été mis en place, des cartographies de sols ont été dressées, et un réseau de parcelles expérimentales long terme est en cours d’implantation, pour mettre en relation les données du milieu naturel avec les caractéristiques des raisins et du vin. Des cartes conseil à 1/25 000 ont été établies : aléas de glissements de terrain, d’érosion, carte d’adaptation des porte-greffes ou d’aptitude à l’enherbement.

Par le biais du suivi de vignerons sur des sites pilotes, et des autodiagnostics de l’exploitation, réalisés dans le cadre de la viticulture raisonnée, on peut considérer les travaux de cartographie comme de réels supports de discussion et de progrès dans le choix des itinéraires culturaux. Reste désormais à valoriser les bases de données caractérisant le milieu naturel et les observations viticoles pour optimiser le choix de sites d’études représentatifs, extrapoler les résultats obtenus auprès des viticulteurs, et affiner une aide à la décision régionalisée.

In relation with natural environment, the vine-grower faces omnipresent natural variability, linked with year and pedoclimatic conditions. Since 10 years, in Champagne, the relation of the winegrower facing space has changed. Examples of collective actions with territorial purpose have increased: viticultural hydraulic management, network of advice viticultural groups, sectors with mating disruption, soil analysis by areas. Concurrently, at a technical level, studies on characterization of the natural factors began in 1990 in the Champagne vineyard: a network of weather stations was installed, soils were mapped, and longtime experimental network of plots is established, to study the relation between natural factors, vine and wine.

Based on these data, advice maps at the scale of 1/25 000 were established. It results from the following up of vine-growers that they consider cartographic studies as real tools to discuss and to make their vine-growing practices progress. The valorization of the data base, coming from the characterization of natural factors and viticultural observations remains, to better choice where to put experimental plots, and to help the vine-growers in their local choices.

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

L. PANIGAI, A-F. DOLÉDEC, F. LANGELLIER, D. MONCOMBLE

Comité Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne (CIVC)
5 rue Henri Martin, 51200 EPERNAY (France)

Keywords

vignoble champenois, terroir, gestion collective, cartographie
Champagne vineyard, terroir, collective actions, mapping

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

Effect of regulated deficit irrigation regime on amino acids content of Monastrell (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes

Irrigation is an important practice to influence vine quality, especially in Mediterranean regions, characterized by hot summers and severe droughts during the growing season. This study focused on deficit irrigation regime influence on amino acids composition of Monastrell grapevines under semiarid conditions (Albacete, Southeastern of Spain). In 2019, two treatments were applied: non-irrigation (NI) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), watered at 30% of the estimated crop evapotranspiration from fruit set to onset of veraison. Grape amino acids content was analyzed by HPLC. Berries from non-irrigated vines showed higher concentration of several amino acids, such as tryptophan (73%), arginine (70%), lysine (36%), isoleucine (27%), and leucine (21%), compared to RDI grapes. Arginine is, together with ammonium ion, the principal nitrogen source for yeasts during the alcoholic fermentation; while isoleucine, tryptophan, and leucine are precursors of fermentative volatile compounds, key compounds for wine quality. Moreover, NI treatment increased in a 14% the total amino acids content in grapes compared to RDI treatment. The reported effects might be because yield was 70% higher in RDI vines than in the NI ones and, therefore, the sink demand was increased in the irrigated vines. In addition, NI vines suffered more severe water stress and it is known that the amino acids synthesis and accumulation can be influenced by the plant response to stress. According to the results, the irrigation regime showed effect on amino acids concentration in Monastrell grapes under semiarid conditions. Grapes from non-irrigated vines showed a higher content of several amino acids relevant to the fermentative process and to the wine aroma compounds formation. It is demonstrated that the final content of nitrogen-related components in grapes is influenced by the irrigation regime. The convenience of the irrigation strategy to suggest will depend on the desired wine style and the target yield levels.

Better understand the soil wet bulb formation with subsurface or aerial drip irrigation in viticulture

The gradual change in rainfall patterns experienced in the south of France vineyards, especially around the Mediterranean sea, means that the vines are increasingly subject to summer drought. The winegrowers developped the use of irrigation techniques to ensure the maintenance of competitive yields in the production of wines under Protected Geographical Indication label. In practice, drip irrigation pipes can be installed above the ground or buried into the soil as well as at different distances from the vine row. The objective of this study was to examine the profiles of the wet bulbs of the soil obtained from two drip irrigation systems : aerial drip located under the vine row and subsurface drip placed in the middle of the inter-row. This experiment took place over two consecutive seasons (2020-2021) on a 3.4 ha Viognier plot in the Mediterranean region (PGI Oc, France) on sandy clay soil. The annual rainfalls were less than 400 mm. Soil water content probes were installed at different depths (20 – 40 – 60 – 80 cm) and at different lateralities from the vine row (30 – 60 – 90 – 120 cm) to control the formation of the soil wet bulb during irrigation. The mapping and the analysis of the data allowed a better understanding and differentiation of the water percolation when irrigating with subsurface or aerial drip. For the same amount of water and without differences of vine water status, it is shown that in a subsurface drip irrigation situation, the size of the wet bulb formed is larger than in aerial drip irrigation system.

Influence of weather and climatic conditions on the viticultural production in Croatia

The research includes an analysis of the impact of weather conditions on phenological development of the vine and grape quality, through monitoring of four experimental cultivars (Chardonnay, Graševina, Merlot and Plavac mali) over two production years. In each experimental vineyard, which were evenly distributed throughout the regions of Slavonia and The Croatian Danube, Croatian Uplands,

Effects of graft quality on growth and grapevine-water relations

Climate change is challenging viticulture worldwide compromising its sustainability due to warmer temperatures and the increased frequency of extreme events. Grafting Vitis vinifera L.

A predictive model of spatial Eca variability in the vineyard to support the monitoring of plant status

[lwp_divi_breadcrumbs home_text="IVES" use_before_icon="on" before_icon="||divi||400" module_id="publication-ariane" _builder_version="4.19.4" _module_preset="default" module_text_align="center" module_font_size="16px" text_orientation="center"...