Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Enological, economical, social and viticulture ”terroir” units as fundamental elements of mosaic of “big” zoning

Enological, economical, social and viticulture ”terroir” units as fundamental elements of mosaic of “big” zoning

Abstract

[English version below]

Nous savons tous très bien qu’on a assisté au cours de ces dix dernières années à une éclosion soudaine de recherches sur le zonage viti-vinicole qui, à partir par exemple du modèle du concept de “terroir”, se sont de plus en plus enrichies en passant aux “Unités ou Systèmes de Transformation” (UTTE) et “Valorisation” (UTCE) pour terminer avec les “Systèmes productifs globaux du Territoire” (UTB) comprenant en filière les aspects existentiels (UTBES), sociaux (UTBSO) et économiques (UTBEC) hypothisés dans le “GRANDE ZONAZIONE: Grand zonage” (MORLAT R., 1996, CARBONNEAU A., 1996, TOUZARD J.M. 1998, CARBONNEAU A., CARGNELLO G., 1996, 1998, CARGNELLO G., 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2001, -MILOTIC A., CARGNELLO G., PERSURIC G., 1999, PERSURIC G., STAYER M., CARGNELLO G., 2000, MILOTIC A., OPLANIC M., CARGNELLO G., PERSURIC G., 2000).

Nous sommes donc arrivés à supposer que pour zoner en viticulture, et non pas seulement en viticulture, il faut partir des considérations : existentielles, sociales, économiques qui représentent les différents échelons des grands objectifs du zonage, en se servant pour les rejoindre des moyens placés en filière suivants : “terroir” vignoble (exemple : variété, clones, écartement, systèmes de conduite, gestion de la végétation, de la production et de la vendange, etc.), cave ( exemple : utilisation des appareillages, technologies et techniques d’innovation, etc.), communication, marketing, etc., comme on l’a prévu dans le “GRAND ZONAGE” (CARGNELLO G., 1996). Pour vérifier la validité de cette “nouvelle” organisation du zonage viti-vinicole, nous avons conduit en Istrie (Croatie) pour une durée de 5 ans des recherches pour établir si le zonage devait descendre uniquement des aspects concernant le “terroir” ou s’il devait descendre des aspects qui partent de considérations d’ordre social et économique et ensuite de celles “techniques” comprenant la cave, le vignoble, le terrain et le climat. Les recherches conduites en Istrie (Croatie) sur les objectifs et sur les moyens cités ci-dessus ont démontré ultérieurement la validité de ce moyen de procéder dans le zonage viti-vinicole. Elles ont démontré par ailleurs que l’incidence du “terroir” à un niveau décisionnel dans le zonage viti-vinicole peut s’amenuiser par rapport aux autres composantes et en être même dépassée, c’est-à-dire que l’on a justement décidé dans certains cas de faire un vignoble dans un terroir non adapté à la viticulture car les “Unités de Culture Viticole, de Transformation, de Valorisation” et les systèmes productifs globaux ont eu une importance fondamentale pour le zonage. Ces recherches seront exposées dans cette communication.

In the any last decade was the large number of research about viticulture zoning. The begin of zoning research was funded on the term and principle of “terroir”. Then, the term “terroir” was divided to “unite de terroir de base”, “unité de système de culture viticole”, “unite o sisteme de transformation e valorizazion” and as the last new segment “sistemi produtivi globali del territorio” (the global productive system of territory). All this new terms, with a respect to social and economical aspects has a unique name of ”.big” zoning (GRANDE ZONAZIONE) (MORLAT R. 1996, CARBONNEAU A., 1996, TOUZARD J.M., CARBONNEAU A., CARGNELLO G., 1998, CARGNELLO G., 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2001, MILOTIC A., CARGNELLO G., PERSURIC G. 1999, PERSURIC G., STAVER M., CARGNELLO G., 2000, MILOTIC A, OPLANIC M., CARGNELLO G., PERSURIC G., 2000).

According quoted annotation for successfully process of viticulture zoning, and not only to viticulture, need to start of next items : existence, social aspects, economic aspects, which present the different stairs in the zoning process. The sequence of next terms, “terroir” – vineyards (for example: variety, clone, training form, canopy management, yield and other) – vine cellar (for example : technology of wine making) – communication – marketing make a important factors to process of “big” zoning.For confirm the quoted “new” hypothesis in the zoning process was done the research in the Istria (Croatia). For needs of research was taken all social and economical aspects and then the different techniques in vine growing and wine making, and the characteristics of soil am climate.The research made in Istria was confirmed the hypothesis of “big” zoning process. This research was confirmed also the importance of “terroir” and in the same moment the importance of lower units “unite de culture viticole de transformation de valorisation” for viticulture production.

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

PERSURIC G. (1), CARGNEILO G. (2), GLUIDC D. (1), STA VER M. (1), OPLANIC M. (1)

(1) Istitute for Agriculture and Tourism, C. Hugues 8, 52440 POREC, Croatia (HR)
(2) SOC Tecniche Colturali – lstituto Sperimentale per la Viticoltura, Viale XXVIII Aprile, 26 – 31015 Conegliano (Treviso) Italia

Contact the author

Keywords

Zonage viti-vinicole globale d’innovation Istrie
Viticulture zoning, “big” zoning, Istria, Viticulture

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

Local adaptation tools to ensure the viticultural sustainability in a changing climate

[lwp_divi_breadcrumbs home_text="IVES" use_before_icon="on" before_icon="||divi||400" module_id="publication-ariane" _builder_version="4.19.4" _module_preset="default" module_text_align="center" module_font_size="16px" text_orientation="center"...

Ecophysiological performance of Vitis rootstocks under water stress

The use of rootstocks tolerant to soil water deficit is an interesting strategy to cope with limited water availability. Currently, several nurseries are breeding new genotypes, but the physiological basis of its responses under water stress are largely unknown. To this end, an ecophysiological assessment of the conventional 110-Richter (110R) and SO4, and the new M1 and M4 rootstocks was carried out in potted ungrafted plants. During one season, these Vitis genotypes were grown under greenhouse conditions and subjected to two water regimes, well-watered and water deficit. Water potentials of plants under water deficit down to < -1.4 MPa, and net photosynthesis (AN) <5 μmol m-2 s-1 did not cause leaf oxidative stress damage compared to well-watered conditions in any of the genotypes. The antioxidant capacity was sufficient to neutralize the mild oxidative stress suffered. Under both treatments, gravimetric differences in daily water use were observed among genotypes, leading to differences in the biomass of root, shoot and leaf. Under well-watered conditions, SO4 and 110R were the most vigorous and M1 and M4 the least. However, under water stress, SO4 exhibited the greatest reduction in biomass while M4 showed the lowest. Remarkably, under these conditions, SO4 reached the least negative stem water potential (Ψstem), while M1 reduced stomatal conductance (gs) and AN the most. In addition, SO4 and M1 genotypes also showed the highest and lowest hydraulic conductance values, respectively. Our results suggest that there are differences in water use regulation among genotypes, not only attributed to differences in stomatal regulation or intrinsic water use efficiency at the leaf level. Therefore, because no differences in canopy-to-root ratio were achieved, it is hypothesized that xylem vessel anatomical differences may be driving the reported differences among rootstocks performance. Results demonstrate that each Vitis rootstock differs in its ecophysiological responses under water stress.

Teasing apart terroir: the influence of management style on native yeast communities within Oregon wineries and vineyards

Newer sequencing technologies have allowed for the addition of microbes to the story of terroir. The same environmental factors that influence the phenotypic expression of a crop also shape the composition of the microbial communities found on that crop. For fermented goods, such as wine, that microbial community ultimately influences the organoleptic properties of the final product that is delivered to customers. Recent studies have begun to study the biogeography of wine-associated microbes within different growing regions, finding that communities are distinct across landscapes. Despite this new knowledge, there are still many questions about what factors drive these differences. Our goal was to quantify differences in yeast communities due to management style between seven pairs of conventional and biodynamic vineyards (14 in total) throughout Oregon, USA. We wanted to answer the following questions: 1) are yeast communities distinct between biodynamic vineyards and conventional vineyards? 2) are these differences consistent across a large geographic region? 3) can differences in yeast communities be tied to differences in metabolite profiles of the bottled wine? To collect our data we took soil, bark, leaf, and grape samples from within each vineyard from five different vines of pinot noir. We also collected must and a 10º brix sample from each winery. Using these samples, we performed 18S amplicon sequencing to identify the yeast present. We then used metabolomics to characterize the organoleptic compounds present in the bottled wine from the blocks the year that we sampled. We are actively in the process of analysing our data from this study.

Co-design and evaluation of spatially explicit strategies of adaptation to climate change in a Mediterranean watershed

Climate change challenges differently wine growing systems, depending on their biophysical, sociological and economic features. Therefore, there is a need to locally design and evaluate adaptation strategies combining several technical options, and considering the local opportunities and constraints (e.g. water access, wine typicity). The case study took place in a typical and heterogeneous Mediterranean vineyard of 1,500 ha in the South of France. We developed a participatory modeling approach to (1) conceptualize local climate change issues and design spatially explicit adaptation strategies with stakeholders, (2) numerically evaluate their effects on phenology, yield and irrigation needs under the high-emissions climate change scenario RCP 8.5, and (3) collectively discuss simulation results. We organized five sets of workshops, with in-between modeling phases. A process-based model was developed that allowed to evaluate the effects of six technical options (late varieties, irrigation, water saving by reducing canopy size, adjusting cover cropping, reducing density, and shading) with various distributions in the watershed, as well as vineyard relocation. Overall, we co-designed three adaptation strategies. Delay harvest strategy with late varieties showed little effects on decreasing air temperature during ripening. Water constraint limitation strategy would compensate for production losses if disruptive adaptations (e.g. reduced density) were adopted, and more land got access to irrigation. Relocation strategy would foster high premium wine production in the constrained mountainous areas where grapevine is less impacted by climate change. This research shows that a spatial distribution of technical changes gives room for adaptation to climate change, and that the collaboration with local stakeholders is a key to the identification of relevant adaptation. Further research should explore the potential of adaptation strategies based on soil quality improvement and on water stress tolerant varieties.

Different soil types and relief influence the quality of Merlot grapes in a relatively small area in the Vipava Valley (Slovenia) in relation to the vine water status

Besides location and microclimatic conditions, soil plays an important role in the quality of grapes and wine. Soil properties influence…