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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 El medio natural de Chile como factor de adaptación de la vid

El medio natural de Chile como factor de adaptación de la vid

Abstract

Chile, junto con Australia, EE.UU., Sudáfrica, Argentina y Nueva Zelanda constituye el grupo de países del nuevo mundo vitivinícola. Todos ellos en conjunto han experimentado en la última década un sostenido crecimiento en la participación del mercado internacional de vinos, destacándose en el grupo Australia, EE.UU. y Chile. En 1990, las exportaciones de Australia y EE.UU sobrepasaban levemente los US$ 100 millones, Chile representaba la mitad de esta cantidad (Cuadro 1), en cambio en 1998, los tres países presentan cifras similares, sobrepasando levemente los US$ 500 millones.
De acuerdo al diario financiero “The Economist” (1999), el conjunto de los países del nuevo mundo y en particular el de Australia, EE.UU. y Chile, se caracteriza por una industria vitivinícola muy concentrada. En efecto, sólo cuatro compañías dominan el 80% del mercado australiano, en EE.UU., las cinco más grandes tienen el 62% del mercado y en Chile, las cinco principales poseen el 50%. El crecimiento en la participación de mercado de estas compañías globales es reflejo de sus presupuestos de promoción y su habilidad para proveer grandes cantidades de vino a los supermercados. Estas empresas se han caracterizado por invertir en tecnología e innovación, lo que les permite expresar la peculiaridad de cada una de las variedades de vid, o de la mezcla que vinifica y que destacan en sus etiquetas.
En el caso particular de Chile, los primeros indicios de la reconversión de su industria vitivinícola se pueden establecer a partir del año 1986 y son consecuencia del éxito de pequeñas partidas iniciales de vinos finos destinados a los mercados externos, particularmente de Latinoamérica. En aquella época se desarrollo sólo en las principales empresas del rubro un nuevo impulso de plantaciones de variedades tintas y blancas, de probada fineza y calidad, fundamentalmente Cabernet sauvignon, Merlot (Carménère), Chardonnay y Sauvignon blanc (vert). Por el contrario, el resto de la industria se encontraba sumida en una de las más profundas crisis que ha tenido que experimentar Chile, caracterizada por una fuerte disminución de la superficie global de los viñedos.

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Publication date: February 24, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2000

Type: Article

Authors

Ph. Pszczólkowski T.

Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología
Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Casilla 306-22
Santiago, Chile

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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 El medio natural de Chile como factor de adaptación de la vid

El medio natural de Chile como factor de adaptación de la vid

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