Cultivation forms and viticulture models adapting to adverse “environmental” conditions

Introduction: Major depressive disorder is associated with abnormalities in the brain and the immune system. Chronic stress in animals showed that epigenetic and inflammatory mechanisms play important roles in mediating resilience and susceptibility to depression.

Climate change and reduction of inputs are two major challenges for viticulture and oenology. With increasing temperature, wines become less acid and microbiologically less stable (1).

In the French AOCs, the production area of ​​the raw material can be subject to plot delimitation based on criteria of physical environment and use. On the other hand, many environmental zonings are developing and the AOCs are called upon include provisions relating to these concerns. Hedges, through their effects on local changes in the regional climate and on functional biodiversity, can impact the functioning of vines and orchards. It is for this reason that their consideration as a delimitation criterion is envisaged.

The origins of plant propagation trace back to the moment of early humans’ transition from a nomadic existence to settled agricultural societies, cultivating their food.

Diverse ripening disorders affect grapevine resulting in high economic losses worldwide. The common obvious symptom is shriveling berries, however the shriveling pattern and the consequences for berry quality traits are distinct in each disorder. Among them, the disorder berry shrivel is characterized by a reduced sugar accumulation short after the onset of berry ripening leaving the clusters unsuitable for wine processing. Although our knowledge on BS increased recently, potential internal or external triggers contributing to the induction of BS are yet to be explored.