Cultivation forms and viticulture models adapting to adverse “environmental” conditions

Enological tannins are a diversified group of winemaking products that vary in several aspects such as chemical composition, botanical origin, and production method. In consideration of their richness in phenolic compounds, one of their main application in vinification is related to their antioxidant capacity, in particular their ability to consume oxygen during red wine maturation.

Agri-photovoltaics (apv) describes the dual use of an agricultural area for food production and solar power generation. There are already a number of systems in operation around the world with various crops and under a wide range of different set-ups. In large parts, they still allow mechanical cultivation and other positive side effects of an APV system were observed in addition to the increase in utilization in the form of electricity and food: effects on the water balance and passive protection against extreme weather events.

Grapevine downy mildew (GDM), caused by the obligate biotroph oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most destructive diseases in viticulture.

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A lot of work has been done on the impact of Botrytis on the foam of sparkling wines. This work often concerns wines produced in cool regions, where Botrytis is the dominant fungal pathogen. However, in southern countries such as Spain, in particularly hot years such as 2022, the majority fungal pathogen is sometimes Rhizopus. Like Botrytis, Rhizopus is a fungus that produces an aspartic protease.