Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Terroir et variabilité microclimatique : pour une approche à l’échelle de la parcelle

Terroir et variabilité microclimatique : pour une approche à l’échelle de la parcelle

Abstract

The climatic component is one of the elements of the zoning of viticultural potential, alongside the geological and pedological components (Morlat, 1989; Lebon et al, 1993). Many climatic indices have thus been defined to estimate the potential for wine production at the scale of a region or a country (Carbonneau et al., 1992). The main climatic variables used are temperature and radiation. We note in particular the indices of Branas, Huglin and Ribereau-Gayon (Huglin, 1986). However, few studies have been undertaken on the spatial variability of microclimatic conditions at the scale of a vineyard, a valley, or even a municipality.

Today, faced with the need to be able to adapt to rapidly changing markets and competition, it seems increasingly necessary to better understand the pedoclimatic environment of the vineyard. A typical example of an effort in this direction is the bioclimatic zoning carried out in the department of Aude (Jacquinet, 1989). This approach, based on a dense network of meteorological stations, has made it possible to define various climatically homogeneous zones in this department. The zoning operation of the Champagne vineyard which has been in place since 1991 (Panigai and Langellier, 1992) also includes a climatic component, which is all the more crucial as this vineyard is at the northern limit of vine cultivation. . However, in this region where vines can be grown on steep slopes, it is necessary to ask the question of the spatial representativeness of the measurements made on a meteorological station. Indeed, due to differences in slope (which frequently exceed 10°, or 17%), exposure and altitude, meteorological variables can vary greatly a few hundred meters away.

In order to analyze the components of microclimatic variability within the vineyard, we compared the variability of climatic conditions at the regional scale and at the local scale (vine plot). Our approach consisted in comparing the data of two meteorological observation networks on two different and complementary spatial scales: the meteorological network of the Champagne vineyards, the objective of which is to estimate the mesoclimatic variations on the scale of the whole of the Champagne vineyard (area of ​​the order of 1000 km2), and a local network installed in the commune of Aÿ (Marne, France) intended to characterize the microclimatic variability and the differences in the development of the vine on the scale of the relief unit (1 km2). We have also introduced an intermediate scale, representing a zone that is physically well characterized and that one could think a priori to be homogeneous: the Marne valley. We were particularly interested in 3 variables: radiation, wind and temperature, which all have a decisive influence on the growth and development of the vine.

DOI:

Publication date: March 25, 2022

Type: Poster

Issue: Terroir 1996

Authors

P. CELLIER (1), F. LANGELLIER (2), O. BRUN (3), P. PERSONNIC (3), L. PANIGAI (2)

(1) INRA, Bioclimatology Unit, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon (France)
(2) CIVC, Technical Services, 51200 Epernay (France)
(3) Mumm – Perrier-Jouët Vignobles et Recherches, 51200 Epernay (France)

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 1996

Citation

Related articles…

Physiological and growth reaction of Shiraz/101-14 Mgt to row orientation and soil water status

Advanced knowledge on grapevine row orientation is required to improve establishment, management and outcomes of vineyards on terroirs with different environmental conditions (climate, soil, topography) and in view of a future change to more extreme climatic conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the combined effect of row orientation, plant water status and ripeness level on the physiological and viticultural reaction of Shiraz/101-14 Mgt.

Effects of mechanical leafing and deficit irrigation on Cabernet Sauvignon grown in warm climate of California

San Joaquin Valley accounts for 40% of wine grape acreage and produces 70% of wine grape in California. Fruit quality is one of most important factors which impact the economical sustainability of farming wine grapes in this region. Due to the recent drought and expected labor cost increase, the wine industry is thrilled to understand how to improve fruit quality while maintaining the yield with less water and labor input. The present study aims to study the interactive effects of mechanical leafing and deficit irrigation on yield and berry compositions of Cabernet Sauvignon grown in warm climate of California.

The effects of cane girdling on berry texture properties and the concentration of some aroma compounds in three table grape cultivars

The marketability of the table grapes is highly influenced by the consumer demand; therefore the market value of the table grapes is mainly characterized by its berry size, colour, taste and texture. Girdling could cause accumulation of several components in plants above the ringing of the phloem including clusters and resulting improved maturity. The aim of the experiments was to examine the effect of girdling on berry texture characteristics and aroma concentration.

Application of a fluorescence-based method to evaluate the ripening process and quality of Pinot Blanc grape

The chemical composition of grape berries at harvest is one of the most important factors that should be considered to produce high quality wines. Among the different chemical classes which characterize the grape juice, the polyphenolic compound, such as flavonoids, contribute to the final taste and color of wines. Recently, an innovative non-destructive method, based on chlorophyll fluorescence, was developed to estimate the phenolic maturity of red grape varieties through the evaluation of anthocyanins accumulated in the berry skin. To date, only few data are available about the application of this method on white grape varieties.

Different yield regulation strategies in semi-minimal-pruned hedge (SMPH) and impact on bunch architecture

Yields in the novel viticulture training system Semi-Minimal-Pruned Hedge (SMPH) are generally higher compared to the traditional Vertical Shoot Positioning (VSP). Excessive yields have a negative impact on the vine and wine quality, which can result in substantial losses in yield in subsequent vintages (alternate bearing) or penalties in fruit quality. Therefore yield regulation is essential. The bunch architecture in SMPH differs from VSP. Generally there is a higher amount but smaller bunches with lower single berry weights in SMPH compared to VSP.