Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Aspects concernant les relations entre quelques composantes de la biomasse viticole, en fonction de l’offre des ressources écologiques

Aspects concernant les relations entre quelques composantes de la biomasse viticole, en fonction de l’offre des ressources écologiques

Abstract

Les ressources écologiques représentent les facteurs de végétation, ou encore les facteurs de production, en expression quantitative. Celles-ci, utilisées par les plantes, transformées et organisées conformément à leur programme génétique, devieiment les composantes matérielles de la biomasse. Par la suite, les ressources écologiques peuvent être utilisées comme indicateurs synthétiques de l’offre écologique, nécessaires à l’analyse de favorabilité pour la compréhension des écosystèmes.

Pour les agroécosystèmes (AES) la récolte est un critère fondamental d’appréciation de la favorabilité des conditions écologiques naturelles, corrigées technologiquement, dans un souci d’efficience économique. Des recherches antérieures ont montré la diversité des relations entre les composantes de la biomasse ; celles entre vigueur et rendement, entre qualité et rendement présentent un intérêt particulier. Les résultats obtenus ont été souvent contradictoires ; cela est dû aux conditions diverses d’étude, à la spécificité biologique des individus, à l’offre des ressources écologiques naturelles corrigées de façon anthropique et aux mesures technologiques directes sur la forme de conduite des plantes et la charge en yeux.

DOI:

Publication date: March 25, 2022

Type: Poster

Issue: Terroir 1996

Authors

V. GH. POPA (1), L. DEJEU (2)

(1) Station de recherches pour l’Arboriculture fruitière Baneasa, Bucarest
(2) Université des Sciences Agronomiques et Médecine Vétérinaire Bucarest

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 1996

Citation

Related articles…

Stomatal abundance in grapevine: developmental genes, genotypic variation, and physiology

Grapevine cultivation is threatened by the global warming, which combines high temperatures and reduced rainfall, impacting in wine quality and even plant survival. Breeding for varieties resilient to these challenges must address plant traits such as tolerance to supraoptimal temperatures and optimized water use efficiency while minimizing productivity and quality losses. Stomatal abundance (SA) determines the maximum leaf potential for transpiration and thus water loss and cooling. Since SA results from a developmental process during leaf emergence and growth, knowledge on the genetic control of this process would provide specific targets for modification.

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with Tof-MS, a powerful tool for analysis of the volatomes of grapes and wines

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique for unraveling the volatile composition of complex matrices. This work will present three applications of GCxGC Tof-MS to the oenological field, aimed to identify novel biomarkers to be used in the quality control process of the wine industry. Comprehensive mapping of volatile compounds was conducted in a large sample of 70 sparkling wines, produced by 48 different wineries across 6 vintages and representative of the two main production areas for premium Italian sparkling wines (Franciacorta (FC) and Trentodoc (TN)), using HS-SPME followed by GCxGC-Tof-MS and multivariate analysis. Selection and identification of 196 putative biomarkers allowed clear separation of sparkling wines from FC and TN.

Optimisation de la fertilisation du Cot sur le Causse de l’Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée Cahors

The Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée area of ​​Cahors (Lot) covers an area of ​​21,700 ha, spread over 45 municipalities, of which only 4,300 are planted with vines. The main grape variety of this AOC is the Cot noir which represents 70% of the grape varieties, thus giving their typicality to the wines of this region; but despite this importance, to our knowledge, its physiology has remained relatively unstudied.

Wine odors: chemicals, physicochemical and perceptive processes involved in their perception

The odors of wines are diverse, complex and dynamic and much research has been devoted to the understanding of their chemical bases. However, while the “basic” chemical part of the problem, namely the identity of the chemicals responsible for the different odor nuances, was satisfactorily solved years ago, there are some relevant questions precluding a clear understanding. These questions are related to the physicochemical interactions determining the effective volatilities of the odorants and, particularly, to the perceptual interactions between different odor molecules affecting in different ways to the final sensory outputs.

Heatwaves and grapevine yield in the Douro region, crop model simulations

Heatwaves or extreme heat events can be particularly harmful to agriculture. Grapevines grown in the Douro winemaking region are particularly exposed to this threat, due to the specificities of the already warm and dry climatic conditions. Furthermore, climate change simulations point to an increase in the frequency of occurrence of these extreme heat events, therefore posing a major challenge to winegrowers in the Mediterranean type climates. The current study focuses on the application of the STICS crop model to assess the potential impacts of heatwaves in grapevine yields over the Douro valley winemaking region. For this purpose, STICS was applied to grapevines using high-resolution weather, soil and terrain datasets over the Douro. To assess the impact of heatwaves, the weather dataset (1989-2005) was artificially modified, generating periods with anomalously high temperatures (+5 ºC), at certain onset dates and with specific durations (from 5 to 9 days). The model was run with this modified weather dataset and results were compared to the original unmodified runs. The results show that heatwaves can have a very strong impact on grapevine yields, strongly depending on the onset dates and duration of the heatwaves. The highest negative impacts may result in a decrease in the yield by up to -35% in some regions. Despite some uncertainties inherent to the current modelling assessment, the present study highlights the negative impacts of heatwaves on viticultural yields in the Douro region, which is critical information for stakeholders within the winemaking sector for planning suitable adaptation measures.