Effects of soil water content and environmental conditions on vine water status and gas exchange of Vitis vinifera L. cv. chardonnay

Aims: This study aimed to (1) characterise colour and phenolic profiles of commercial Australian Pinot noir wines, (2) understand regional drivers of sensory and volatile profiles of commercial Australian Pinot noir wines, and (3) generate a deeper understanding of where Australian Pinot noir wines profiles sit in an international context.

The first vineyards in Northern Europe were in Denmark in the 15th century, in the southern parts of Sweden and Finland in the 18th century at 55–60 degrees latitude. The grapes grown there have not been made into wine, but the grapes have been eaten at festive tables. The resurgence of viticulture has started with global warming, and currently the total area of viticulture in the Nordic countries, including Norway, is estimated to be 400–500 hectares, most of which is in Denmark. Southern Finland, like all southern parts of Northern Europe, belongs to the cool-cold winegrowing area.

Vine pruning residues constitute a significant fraction of vitivinicultural waste; in fact, depending on the variety and training system, they can reach 1-5 tons/ha/year.

Sun exposure is needed for balanced grape ripening and sugar accumulation but is also one of the main drivers for a premature Riesling ageing

Climate change is a great environmental challenge with large impact on the Wine and sprakling wine industry. Heat waves and dryness cause frequent sunburn damage in white grapes