Effects of soil water content and environmental conditions on vine water status and gas exchange of Vitis vinifera L. cv. chardonnay

Red wines can undergo many undesirable changes during the winemaking process and storage, particularly oxidative degradation due to numerous atmospheric oxygen intakes. This spoilage can impact organoleptic properties and color stabilization but this impact depends on the wine composition. Phenolic compounds constitute primary targets to oxidation reactions

Residual grape solids (suspended particles) in white and rosé musts vary depending on the clarification pro-cess. These suspended solids contain lipids (more especially phytosterols) that are essential for yeast meta-bolism and viability during fermentation in anaerobic conditions.

Landscapes such as its representation express values, beliefs and intentions of the individuals and the communities that produce them.

Grapevines interact with the climate (aboveground) and the soil (belowground), affecting the characteristics of winegrapes produced. These interactions are impacted by climate change, the erosion of biodiversity, and losses of soil organic matter (SOM).

Winegrape cultivars are particularly sensitive to temperature and recent changes in climate have advanced the onset of berry ripening, resulting in unbalanced fruit composition at harvest.