A.O.C. taureau de Camargue

The technique of crossing, whether free or controlled, has always been a source of variability allowing the selection of new varieties with improved fitness.

The quality of grapevines measured by yield and must density in the northern part of Europe -conditions can be characterized as a type of “cool climate” – vary strongly from year to year and from one production site to another, i.e. différences in must densities can range from 30 to 50 °Oe. An explanation may be changes of weather conditions during critical developmental stages of the grapevines (2, 3, 5). These can be categorized as “macro climatic” influences.

In view of increasing drought frequencies due to climate change, enhancing grapevine resilience to water scarcity has become vital for sustainable viticulture.

The winery and distilling spirits industry generate a remarkable amount of by-products and wasted, that are not properly managed, posing socioeconomic problems and environmental risks, due to its seasonal and polluting characteristics.

Shrinking berries are the common symptoms of Berry Shrivel (BS) and Late-Season-Dehydration (LSD) in grapevine cultivars.