IVAS 2022 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 IVAS 9 IVAS 2022 9 1H-NMR-based Untargeted Metabolomics to assess the impact of soil type on the chemical composition of Mediterranean red wines

1H-NMR-based Untargeted Metabolomics to assess the impact of soil type on the chemical composition of Mediterranean red wines

Abstract

Untargeted metabolomics has proven to be an effective method to study the impact of the terroir on metabolic profile of wines. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different soil types on the chemical composition of Mediterranean red wines, through 1H-NMR metabolomics combined with chemometrics.Grapes from Nero d’Avola L. red cultivar cultivated on four different soil types were separately vinified to obtain four different red wines.One milliliter of raw wine was analyzed by means of a Bruker Avance II 400 spectrometer operating at 400.15 MHz. The 1H-NMR spectra were recorded at 298.8 K by applying the NOESYGPPS1D pulse sequency, to achieve water and ethanol signals suppression.The free induction decay (FID) was collected into a time domain of 65536 real data points (64 k), with a spectral width of 8012.82 Hz, a relaxation delay of 4 s and acquisition time of 4 s per scan.The solvent used was D2O, which provided a field frequency lock and the chemical shift reference. No quantitative internal standard was used, and no modification of the pH was performed, to avoid any chemical alteration of the matrix. Signal assignment was performed by comparison to pure compounds spectra by means of Simple Mixture Analysis (SMA) plug-in of MNova 14.2.3 software.The generation of input variables was done via bucketing the spectra within the range 0.50-9.50 ppm. The NMR spectral data were reduced into 0.01 ppm spectral buckets. The resulting dataset was log transformed and scaled to Pareto variance prior to perform unsupervised PCA, by means of MetaboAnalyst web-based tool suite.The PCA reduced the number of original variables (890) to three Principal Components that, combined, accounted for 100 % of the total variance. The 3D PCA scores plot revealed a clear differentiation among the wines. The 3D PCA loadings plot revealed the fragments of the spectra contributing mostly to the separation, that were attributed to flavonoids, aroma compounds and amino acids. The results were related to soils physical-chemical analysis and showed that: 1) high concentrations of flavan-3-ols and flavonols are correlated with high clay content in soils; 2) high concentrations of anthocyanins, amino acids, and aroma compounds are correlated with neutral and moderately alkaline soil pH; 3) low concentrations of flavonoids and aroma compounds are correlated with high soil organic matter content and acidic pH.The 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis combined with chemometrics proved to be an excellent tool to discriminate between wines originating from grapes grown on different soil types and revealed that soils in the Mediterranean area exert a strong impact on the chemical composition of the wines.

DOI:

Publication date: June 27, 2022

Issue: IVAS 2022

Type: Poster

Authors

Bambina Paola1, Spinella Alberto2, Corona Onofrio1, Cinquanta Luciano1 and Conte Pellegrino1

1Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo
2Advanced Technologies Network Center (ATeN Center), University of Palermo

Contact the author

Keywords

Non-Targeted Metabolomics, 1H-NMR, Chemometrics, Terroir, Soil

Tags

IVAS 2022 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Physiological and growth reaction of Shiraz/101-14 Mgt to row orientation and soil water status

Advanced knowledge on grapevine row orientation is required to improve establishment, management and outcomes of vineyards on terroirs with different environmental conditions (climate, soil, topography) and in view of a future change to more extreme climatic conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the combined effect of row orientation, plant water status and ripeness level on the physiological and viticultural reaction of Shiraz/101-14 Mgt.

Effects of mechanical leafing and deficit irrigation on Cabernet Sauvignon grown in warm climate of California

San Joaquin Valley accounts for 40% of wine grape acreage and produces 70% of wine grape in California. Fruit quality is one of most important factors which impact the economical sustainability of farming wine grapes in this region. Due to the recent drought and expected labor cost increase, the wine industry is thrilled to understand how to improve fruit quality while maintaining the yield with less water and labor input. The present study aims to study the interactive effects of mechanical leafing and deficit irrigation on yield and berry compositions of Cabernet Sauvignon grown in warm climate of California.

The effects of cane girdling on berry texture properties and the concentration of some aroma compounds in three table grape cultivars

The marketability of the table grapes is highly influenced by the consumer demand; therefore the market value of the table grapes is mainly characterized by its berry size, colour, taste and texture. Girdling could cause accumulation of several components in plants above the ringing of the phloem including clusters and resulting improved maturity. The aim of the experiments was to examine the effect of girdling on berry texture characteristics and aroma concentration.

Application of a fluorescence-based method to evaluate the ripening process and quality of Pinot Blanc grape

The chemical composition of grape berries at harvest is one of the most important factors that should be considered to produce high quality wines. Among the different chemical classes which characterize the grape juice, the polyphenolic compound, such as flavonoids, contribute to the final taste and color of wines. Recently, an innovative non-destructive method, based on chlorophyll fluorescence, was developed to estimate the phenolic maturity of red grape varieties through the evaluation of anthocyanins accumulated in the berry skin. To date, only few data are available about the application of this method on white grape varieties.

Different yield regulation strategies in semi-minimal-pruned hedge (SMPH) and impact on bunch architecture

Yields in the novel viticulture training system Semi-Minimal-Pruned Hedge (SMPH) are generally higher compared to the traditional Vertical Shoot Positioning (VSP). Excessive yields have a negative impact on the vine and wine quality, which can result in substantial losses in yield in subsequent vintages (alternate bearing) or penalties in fruit quality. Therefore yield regulation is essential. The bunch architecture in SMPH differs from VSP. Generally there is a higher amount but smaller bunches with lower single berry weights in SMPH compared to VSP.