GiESCO 2019 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 GiESCO 9 Essential oil vapor triggers resistance pathways in Vitis vinifera and blocks plasmopora viticola infection

Essential oil vapor triggers resistance pathways in Vitis vinifera and blocks plasmopora viticola infection

Abstract

The amount of synthetic pesticides applied in viticulture is relatively high compared to other agricultural crops, due to the high sensitivity of grapevine to diseases such as downy mildew (Plasmopora viticola). Alternatives to reduce fungicides are utterly needed to promote a sustainable vineyard-ecosystems and meet consumer acceptance.
Essential oils (EOs) are amongst the most promising natural plant protection agents and have shown their antifungal properties previously. However, the efficiency of EOs depends highly on timing and application technique. Additionally, the molecular interactions of host, pathogen and EO, which underlie the efficiency of EOs, are not understood. The presented study aimed to a) evaluate whether a continuous fumigation of EO can control downy mildew and b) decipher molecular mechanisms triggered in host and pathogen by EO. A custom made climatic chamber was constructed, which enabled a continuous fumigation of vines with different EOs during long term experiments.
Several experiments were carried out with vine cuttings infected with Plasmopora viticola and subsequently exposed to continuous fumigation of different EOs with different concentrations and application times (24 h to 10 d). Experiments were stopped when infection symptoms were clearly present on the control. Physiological parameters (photosynthesis, growth rate) were recorded and leaves were sampled at different time points for subsequent RNA extraction.
The post-infection oregano oil vapor treatment during 24h was sufficient to reduce downy mildew development to 95%. Leaf RNA sampled after 24 hours and 10 days of EO treatment was used for RNA-seq analysis. Sequenced reads were mapped onto the Vitis vinifera and Plasmopora viticola genomes. Less than 1% of reads could be mapped onto the Plasmopora genome from treated samples, whereas up to 30 % reads mapped from the controls, thereby confirming visual observation of P. viticola absence under treatment. An average of 80 % reads could be mapped onto the V. vinifera genome for differential expression analysis, which yielded 4800 modulated transcripts. Grapevine genes triggered by EO treatment were mainly linked to plant biotic stress response and plant-pathogen interactions. Key genes controlling ethylene synthesis, phenylpropanoids and flavonoid synthesis were also highly activated by EO. We report here for the first time the effects of EO treatments on the control of a grapevine pathogen, concomitantly with the molecular description of EO-host-pathogen interactions. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the antifungal efficiency of EO is indirect and mainly due to switching on resistance pathways of the host plants. These results are of major importance for the production and research on biopesticides, plant stimulation products as well as for resistance breeding strategies.

DOI:

Publication date: September 26, 2023

Issue: GiESCO 2019

Type: Poster

Authors

Markus RIENTH1*, Sana GHAFFARI1, Marylin CLÉROUX1, Arnaud PERNET1, Julien CROVADORE3, Eric REMOLIF2 Jean-Philipp BURDET1, Francois LEFORT3

1 Changins, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, route de Duillier 60, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
2 Agroscope, route de Duillier 50, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
3 HEPIA, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Jussy, Switzerland

Contact the author

Keywords

plant defense, essential oil, Plasmopara viticola, grapevine

Tags

GiESCO | GiESCO 2019 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Evaluating alternatives to cold stabilization in wineries: the use of carboximethyl cellulose, potassium polyaspartate, electrodialysis and ion exchange resins – the results after one year in the bottle

The tartaric stabilization of wines before bottling to avoid the precipitation of tartaric acid salts is an important and common step during wine production. The presence of precipitated salt crystals in bottle wines is detrimental for their quality and even a legal issue in some countries. Cold stabilization is the most common stabilization treatment. Although it has been shown to be effective, it has some significant disadvantages, mainly regarding losses of color and aromas and its high cost. Therefore, other products and methodologies are being introduced in the wineries for the replacement of this process. Some of these new techniques involve the reduction of the ions causing the insolubilization of tartaric acid while other are based in the formation of protective colloids or the inhibition of the crystallization of salts. In this study, white, rosé and red wines have been treated with carboxymethylcellulose, potassium polyaspartate and an ion exchange resin. The tartaric stability of the wines, together with the oenological, chromatic and sensory characteristics were studied after the wines had been stored during one year in the bottle. The results indicate that the use of carboxymethyl cellulose and potassium polyaspartate maintained the best the sensory and chromatic characteristics and the wine stability of the wines in comparison with an untreated control wine.

The grapevine QTLome is ripe: QTL survey, databasing, and first applications

Overarching surveys of QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) studies in both model plants and staple crops have facilitated the access to information and boosted the impact of existing data on plant improvement activities. Today, the grapevine community is ready to take up the challenge of making the wealth of QTL information F.A.I.R.. To ensure that all valuable published data can be used more effectively, the myriad of identified QTLs have to be captured, standardised and stored in a dedicated public database.
As an outcome of the GRAPEDIA initiative, QTL-dedicated experts from around the world have gathered to compile the grapevine QTLome: the complete information (e.g., map positions, associated phenotypes) describing all experimentally supported QTLs for a specific trait.

Ripening potential of Touriga Nacional variety with different canopy management techniques and in different regions (Dão, Bairrada and Vinhos Verdes)

Foreseeing climatic changes, the abnormally hot and dry year of 2005 can be revealer of some varieties behavior in different climatic conditions.

VineyardFACE: Investigation of a moderate (+20%) increase of ambient CO2 level on berry ripening dynamics and fruit composition

Climate change and rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is a concern for agriculture, including viticulture. Studies on elevated carbon dioxide have already been on grapevines, mainly taking place in greenhouses using potted plants or using field grown vines under higher CO2 enrichment, i.e. >650 ppm. The VineyardFACE, located at Hochschule Geisenheim University, is an open field Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experimental set-up designed to study the effects of elevated carbon dioxide using field grown vines (Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon). As the carbon dioxide fumigation started in 2014, the long term effects of elevated carbon dioxide treatment can be investigated on berry ripening parameters and fruit metabolic composition.
The present study aims to investigate the effect on fruit composition under a moderate increase (+20%; eCO2) of carbon dioxide concentration, as predicted for 2050 on both Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon. Berry composition was determined for primary (sugars, organic acids, amino acids) and secondary metabolites (anthocyanins). Special focus was given on monitoring of berry diameter and ripening rates throughout three growing seasons. Compared to previous results of the early adaptative phase of the vines [1], our results show little effect of eCO2 treatment on primary metabolites composition in berries. However, total anthocyanins concentration in berry skin was lower for eCO2 treatment in 2020, although the ratio between anthocyanins derivatives did not differ.
[1] Wohlfahrt Y., Tittmann S., Schmidt D., Rauhut D., Honermeier B., Stoll M. (2020) The effect of elevated CO2 on berry development and bunch structure of Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon. Applied Science Basel 10: 2486

Alcohol preference and health behaviors in patients with cardiometabolic diseases: insights from the multi-center iact cross-sectional study

Recognizing the influence of alcohol preference on health behaviors is essential for developing tailored interventions that effectively promote healthier lifestyles and optimize disease management strategies in the vulnerable population of patients with cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). The present study aims to provide valuable insights into how alcohol preference relates to dietary habits and medication adherence among patients with CMD diseases.