terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Congress on Grapevine and Wine Sciences 9 2ICGWS-2023 9 Time vs drought: leaf age rather than drought drives osmotic adjustment in V. vinifera cv. Pinot Noir

Time vs drought: leaf age rather than drought drives osmotic adjustment in V. vinifera cv. Pinot Noir

Abstract

Global warming and increased frequency and/or severity of drought events are among the most threatening consequences of climate change for agricultural crops. In response to drought, grapevine (as many other plants) exhibits osmotic adjustment through active accumulation of osmolytes which in turn shift the leaf turgor loss point (TLP) to more negative values, allowing to maintain stomata opened at lower water potentials1. We investigated the capacity of Pinot noir leaves to modulate their osmotic potential as a function of: (i) time (seasonal osmoregulation), (ii) growing temperatures, and (iii) drought events, to enhance comprehension of the resilience of grapevines in drought conditions. We performed trails under semi-controlled field conditions, and in two different greenhouse chambers (20/15 °C vs 25/20 °C day/night). For two consecutive vegetative seasons, grafted potted grapevines (Pinot noir/SO4) were subjected to two different water regimes for at least 30 days: well-watered (WW) and water deficit (WD). Via pressure-volume (PV) curves and osmometer measurements we derived the leaf osmotic adjustment capability and TLP, while monitoring the plant gas exchange and water potential. Surprisingly, lower water potentials in WD vines throughout the season and in all situations (field and greenhouse) did not trigger osmoregulation, changes in TLP nor a modification of the modulus of elasticity. PV curves provided clear evidence that both temperature and water availability do not stimulate active osmotic adjustment in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir. Conversely, there is a clear impact of seasonal osmoregulation throughout the growing season2, decreasing the osmotic potential at full turgor by an average of 0.46 MPa in 90 days. Lack of osmotic adjustment in response to drought observed in this cultivar suggests Vitis genotypes have a broad spectrum of responses to drought and the strategy adopted to cope with it is highly dependent on the cultivar under analysis.

Acknowledgements:

The work was financially supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): I 4848 “PlasticGrape”.

References:

1)  Bartlett, M. K., Scoffoni, C., & Sack, L. (2012). The determinants of leaf turgor loss point and prediction of drought tolerance of species and biomes: a global meta‐analysis. Ecology letters, 15(5), 393-405.

2)  Herrera, J. C., Calderan, A., Gambetta, G. A., Peterlunger, E., Forneck, A., Sivilotti, P., … & Hochberg, U. (2022). Stomatal responses in grapevine become increasingly more tolerant to low water potentials throughout the growing season. The Plant Journal, 109(4), 804-815.

DOI:

Publication date: October 3, 2023

Issue: ICGWS 2023

Type: Article

Authors

Elena Farolfi1*, Francesco Flagiello2, Federica De Berardinis1, Soma Laszlo Tarnay1, Jan Reščič3, Astrid Forneck1, Jose Carlos Herrera1

1University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
2University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of agronomy, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
3University of Nova Gorica, School for Viticulture and Enology, Dvorec Lanthieri/Lanthieri Mansion Glavni trg 8, 5271 Vipava, Slovenia

Contact the author*

Keywords

grapevine, drought, osmotic adjustment, osmoregulation, turgor loss point

Tags

2ICGWS | ICGWS | ICGWS 2023 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Application of UV-B radiation in pre- and postharvest as an innovative and sustainable cultural practice to improve grape phenolic composition

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a minor part of the solar spectrum, but it represents an important ecological factor that influences many biological processes related to plant growth and development. In recent years, the application of UVR in agriculture and food production is emerging as a clean and environmentally friendly technology.
In grapevine, many studies have been conducted on the effects of ambient levels of UVR, but there are few considering the effects of UV-B application on grape phenolic composition under commercial growing or postharvest conditions.

Read More

Early defoliation positively enhances bioactive composition of berries with no effect on cuticle characteristics

Leaf removal in the fruit-zone has been employed to improve cluster light exposure and ventilation and therefore increase metabolite accumulation and reduce botrytis incidence in berries. When applied before flowering (early defoliation – ED), it can also decrease cluster compactness and regulate yield in high-yielding varieties. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ED on the physiology and metabolism of Aragonez (syn. Tempranillo) berries along the ripening period. The experiment was set up in 2013 at a commercial vineyard located in the Lisbon winegrowing region.

Read More

Assessing the Effectiveness of Electrodialysis in Controlling Brettanomyces Growth in Wine

Brettanomyces yeast can negatively impact the quality and stability of wines, posing a significant challenge to winemakers. [1] This study aims to develop novel management practices to limit Brettanomyces impact on wines by evaluating the effectiveness of electrodialysis (ED) technology in removing magnesium (Mg2+) from wine to prevent the development of Brettanomyces yeast. The ED technique utilizes charged membranes to extract ions from the wine, and it is considered an alternative to cold stabilization that requires less energy. [2]

Read More

Characterization of a Sémillon clonal population: exploring genetic diversity, metabolomic profiles, and phenotypic variations

Sémillon is a cultivated grape variety known for contributing to dry and sweet white wine production. However, only seven approved clones have been officially recognized in France[1]. In this study, we aimed to characterize the genetic diversity and metabolomic profiles of a Sémillon clonal population, shedding light on the potential variations within this important grape variety.

Read More

A sensometabolomic approach to understand wine mouthfeel percepts

Targeted analytical methods can overlook compounds that are a priori unknown to play a role in the mouthfeel sensations. This limitation can be overcome with the information provided by untargeted metabolomic analysis using UPLC‐QTOF-MS. To this end, an untargeted metabolomic approach applied to 42 red wines has allowed development of a model with predictive capacity by cross-validation for the “dry”, “oily” and “unctuous” sensations perceived by a sensory panel. The optimal PLS model for “dry” retained compounds with positive regression coefficients (≥ 0.17) including a trimer procyanidin, a peptide, and four anthocyanins.

Read More