terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Congress on Grapevine and Wine Sciences 9 2ICGWS-2023 9 Towards a better understanding of cultivar susceptibility to esca disease: results from a pluriannual common garden monitoring

Towards a better understanding of cultivar susceptibility to esca disease: results from a pluriannual common garden monitoring

Abstract

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) exhibits a high level of genetic and phenotypic diversity among the approximately 6000 cultivars recorded. This perennial crop is highly vulnerable to numerous fungal diseases, including esca, which is a complex vascular pathology that poses a significant threat to the wine sector, as there is currently no cost-efficient curative method[1]. In this context, an effective approach to mitigate the impact of such diseases is by leveraging the crop’s genetic diversity. Indeed, susceptibility to esca disease appears to vary between cultivars, under artificial or natural infection. However, the mechanisms and varietal characteristics underlying cultivar susceptibility to esca are still unknown.

In this study, we monitored the expression of esca disease foliar symptom at the plant level for six years, on 46 cultivars planted in an experimental common garden in Bordeaux[2]. First, a large gradient of varietal susceptibility was highlighted, with an average prevalence ranging from 0 to 24% of vines expressing esca foliar symptom per variety. This gradient was rather consistent across vintages, and the prevalence of grapevine dieback was significantly correlated with that of the leaf symptoms.

Secondly, we explored the relationships between esca disease prevalence and phenological and physiological traits phenotyped in the same plot. A negative correlation between δ13C and esca disease prevalence was demonstrated at the cultivar level, suggesting that varieties with higher water use efficiency are less prone to express esca. Moreover, our results suggest that low-vigour cultivars could be classified among the less susceptible ones, although these trends require further investigation. In contrast, neither phenological stages nor nitrogen status seem to be significant predictors of cultivar susceptibility to the disease.

Together, these results provide new insights into the potential of genetic resources for sustainable trunk diseases management, while opening up new perspectives for studying pathological and physiological determinants of their incidence.

Acknowledgements:

The authors would like to thank the teams from UE Vigne Bordeaux, SAVE and EGFV. This long-term monitoring was supported by the French Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, Château-Figeac (Saint-Emilion), PNDV (FranceAgrimer-CNIV), CIVB, Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine & INRAE.

References:

1) Gramaje D. et al. (2018) Managing Grapevine Trunk Diseases With Respect to Etiology and Epidemiology: Current Strategies and Future Prospects. Plant Disease, 102: 12-39, DOI 10.1094/PDIS-04-17-0512-FE

2) Destrac-Irvine A. and van Leeuwen C. (2016) VitAdapt: an experimental program to study the behavior of a wide range of Vitis vinifera varieties in a context of climate change in the Bordeaux vineyards.Climwine, sustainable grape and wine production in the context of climate change, 11-13 April 2016, Bordeaux. Full text proceedings paper, 165-171.

DOI:

Publication date: October 4, 2023

Issue: ICGWS 2023

Type: Article

Authors

Pierre GASTOU1,2*, Agnès DESTRAC IRVINE3, Cornelis VAN LEEUWEN3, Chloé DELMAS1

1SAVE, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
2Département Sciences de l’Environnement, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33405 Talence, France
3EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France

Contact the author*

Keywords

Grapevine Trunk Disease, multi-trait phenotyping, pathogenicity, phenotypic diversity, Vitis vinifera

Tags

2ICGWS | ICGWS | ICGWS 2023 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Effects of laccase from Botrytis cinerea on the oxidative degradation kinetics of the five natural grape anthocyanins

Enzymatic browning[1] is an oxidation process that occurs in many foods that increases the brown colour[2]. This problem is especially harmful in the wine industry[3]. especially when the grapes are infected by grey rot since this fung release the oxidative enzyme laccase[4]. In the particular case of red wines, the presence of laccase implies the deterioration of the red colour and can even cause the precipitation of the coloring matter (oxidasic haze)[5].

Read More

Options to replace or reduce the sulphite content in Tannat red wines produced with minimal intervention

Several Uruguayan wineries have begun to produce wines with minimal intervention, to increase the sustainability of their vineyards and wines. These wines are characterized by the minimum intervention in the management of the vineyard, its harvest, vinification, conservation and aging1,2. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is not used or is used in reduced doses, although chitosan can be substituted or supplemented1. The objective of this research is to evaluate SO2 reduction or replacement options adapted to the production of Tannat red wines with minimal intervention. Vinification of the Tannat grapes with autochthonous yeasts (LN) was carried out during the 2023 vintage.

Read More

Rootstock regulation of scion phenotypes: the relationship between rootstock parentage and petiole mineral concentration

Rootstocks not only provide tolerance to Phylloxera, but also ensure the supply of water and mineral nutrients to the whole plant. Rootstocks are an important way of adapting to environmental conditions while conserving the typical features of scion varieties. We can exploit the large diversity of rootstocks used worldwide to aid this adaptation. The aim of this study was to characterise rootstock regulation of scion mineral status and its relation with scion development.

Read More

Aroma characterization of mold resistant base wines for sparkling wine produced in a warm-temperate area at two different altitudes

In a recent context where consumers pay an increasing attention to sustainability and eco-friendly aspects in the decision-making process, the use of the resistant varieties in the wine sector have returned to the attention. In this context, the use of mould-resistant grape varieties would be an opportunity for sparkling wine producers as it can reduced the pesticide utilization in grape management and hence production costs.
However, the use of the resistant varieties to produce the base wine may be strongly influenced due to its requirements for a particular balance between sugars and acidity to ensure the quality of the final product. In addition, the aromatic profile of base wine plays a crucial role in the perception of the quality of the sparkling wine.

Read More

Polysaccharide families of lyophilized extracts obtained from unfermented varietal grape pomaces

The recovery of bioactive compounds from grape and wine by-products is currently an important objective for revaluation and sustainability. Grape pomace is one of the main by-products and is a rich source of some bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the polysaccharide (PS) composition of extracts obtained from pomaces of different white and red grape varieties of Castilla y León. Grape pomaces were obtained after the pressing in the winemaking process.

Read More