terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Congress on Grapevine and Wine Sciences 9 2ICGWS-2023 9 Towards a better understanding of cultivar susceptibility to esca disease: results from a pluriannual common garden monitoring

Towards a better understanding of cultivar susceptibility to esca disease: results from a pluriannual common garden monitoring

Abstract

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) exhibits a high level of genetic and phenotypic diversity among the approximately 6000 cultivars recorded. This perennial crop is highly vulnerable to numerous fungal diseases, including esca, which is a complex vascular pathology that poses a significant threat to the wine sector, as there is currently no cost-efficient curative method[1]. In this context, an effective approach to mitigate the impact of such diseases is by leveraging the crop’s genetic diversity. Indeed, susceptibility to esca disease appears to vary between cultivars, under artificial or natural infection. However, the mechanisms and varietal characteristics underlying cultivar susceptibility to esca are still unknown.

In this study, we monitored the expression of esca disease foliar symptom at the plant level for six years, on 46 cultivars planted in an experimental common garden in Bordeaux[2]. First, a large gradient of varietal susceptibility was highlighted, with an average prevalence ranging from 0 to 24% of vines expressing esca foliar symptom per variety. This gradient was rather consistent across vintages, and the prevalence of grapevine dieback was significantly correlated with that of the leaf symptoms.

Secondly, we explored the relationships between esca disease prevalence and phenological and physiological traits phenotyped in the same plot. A negative correlation between δ13C and esca disease prevalence was demonstrated at the cultivar level, suggesting that varieties with higher water use efficiency are less prone to express esca. Moreover, our results suggest that low-vigour cultivars could be classified among the less susceptible ones, although these trends require further investigation. In contrast, neither phenological stages nor nitrogen status seem to be significant predictors of cultivar susceptibility to the disease.

Together, these results provide new insights into the potential of genetic resources for sustainable trunk diseases management, while opening up new perspectives for studying pathological and physiological determinants of their incidence.

Acknowledgements:

The authors would like to thank the teams from UE Vigne Bordeaux, SAVE and EGFV. This long-term monitoring was supported by the French Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, Château-Figeac (Saint-Emilion), PNDV (FranceAgrimer-CNIV), CIVB, Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine & INRAE.

References:

1) Gramaje D. et al. (2018) Managing Grapevine Trunk Diseases With Respect to Etiology and Epidemiology: Current Strategies and Future Prospects. Plant Disease, 102: 12-39, DOI 10.1094/PDIS-04-17-0512-FE

2) Destrac-Irvine A. and van Leeuwen C. (2016) VitAdapt: an experimental program to study the behavior of a wide range of Vitis vinifera varieties in a context of climate change in the Bordeaux vineyards.Climwine, sustainable grape and wine production in the context of climate change, 11-13 April 2016, Bordeaux. Full text proceedings paper, 165-171.

DOI:

Publication date: October 4, 2023

Issue: ICGWS 2023

Type: Article

Authors

Pierre GASTOU1,2*, Agnès DESTRAC IRVINE3, Cornelis VAN LEEUWEN3, Chloé DELMAS1

1SAVE, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
2Département Sciences de l’Environnement, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33405 Talence, France
3EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France

Contact the author*

Keywords

Grapevine Trunk Disease, multi-trait phenotyping, pathogenicity, phenotypic diversity, Vitis vinifera

Tags

2ICGWS | ICGWS | ICGWS 2023 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Phenolic composition and chromatic characteristics of blends of cv. Tempranillo wines from vines grown with different viticultural techniques in a semi-arid area

The quality and color stability of red wines are directly related to content and distribution of phenolic compounds. However, the climate change produces the asynchrony between the dates of technological and maturity of grapes. The crop-forcing technique (CF) restores the coupling between phenolic and technological ripeness while limits vineyard yields. Blending of wines is frequently used to equilibriate composition of wines and to increase their stability, color and quality. The aim of the present work is to study the phenolic composition and color of wine blends made with FW (wines from vines subjected to CF) and CW (wines for vines under the usual cultivation practices).

Read More

Genetic identification of 200-year-old Serbian grapevine herbarium

Botanist Andreas Raphael Wolny collected a grapevine herbarium from 1812-1824 in Sremski Karlovci (wine region of Vojvodina, Serbia), which represents local cultivated grapevine diversity before the introduction of grape phylloxera in the region. The herbarium comprises over 100 samples organized into two subcollections based on berry colour (red and white varieties), totaling 47 different grape varieties. The objective of this study was to investigate the historical varietal assortment of Balkan and Pannonian winegrowing areas with long viticulture traditions.

Read More

Green pruning of shoots to force new sprouting of buds, in fruit set and in pea size: vegetative, productive and maturation effects, in cv. Verdejo

The context of climate crisis leads to the acceleration of technological ripening of grapes, with unsuitable loss of acidity, so various vineyard management alternatives are being considered to delay the grape ripening. The delay of the vegetative cycle towards a period of milder temperatures affects ripening, but vine behavior can vary according to the area, conduction, watering, variety, etc. A work is proposed to know the response to the green pruning of shoots, executed in fruit set and in pea size, in cv. Verdejo.

Read More

Options to replace or reduce the sulphite content in Tannat red wines produced with minimal intervention

Several Uruguayan wineries have begun to produce wines with minimal intervention, to increase the sustainability of their vineyards and wines. These wines are characterized by the minimum intervention in the management of the vineyard, its harvest, vinification, conservation and aging1,2. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is not used or is used in reduced doses, although chitosan can be substituted or supplemented1. The objective of this research is to evaluate SO2 reduction or replacement options adapted to the production of Tannat red wines with minimal intervention. Vinification of the Tannat grapes with autochthonous yeasts (LN) was carried out during the 2023 vintage.

Read More

Polysaccharide families of lyophilized extracts obtained from unfermented varietal grape pomaces

The recovery of bioactive compounds from grape and wine by-products is currently an important objective for revaluation and sustainability. Grape pomace is one of the main by-products and is a rich source of some bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the polysaccharide (PS) composition of extracts obtained from pomaces of different white and red grape varieties of Castilla y León. Grape pomaces were obtained after the pressing in the winemaking process.

Read More