terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Congress on Grapevine and Wine Sciences 9 2ICGWS-2023 9 Genetic prospecting of rainfed viticulture in the region with the largest cultivated area in Chile

Genetic prospecting of rainfed viticulture in the region with the largest cultivated area in Chile

Abstract

The Maule region hosts up to a third of the total area of vineyards in Chile, in an environment where ancient practices inherited from the colonial past coexist with modernity and dynamism that include technified irrigation and fine vines. In the dry land of Maule there is a viticulture that has subsisted with ancient vines and traditions transmitted over generations, and there is little clarity about the origin and classification of the Maule viticulture, giving rise to the use of different concepts as synonyms to describe the ancient, minority, patrimonial or Criollas vines. In order to characterize and protect the ancient material, we studied the genetic diversity of a territorial collection that covers 80% of the communes of the region, prioritizing plants established more than 40-60 years ago. The genetic analysis was performed with 27 SSR genetic markers. The primary analysis allowed us to identify varieties previously registered as modern, traditional of colonial origin, others post phylloxera and finally the group of Criollas vines derived from crosses between those of colonial origin. Secondary analysis allowed us to identify the genealogy and genetic diversity of the ancient material. In the Criollas family, up to 20 new F1 genotypes, derived from the old vines of colonial origin, have been identified, some of them are widely propagated throughout the region and the country, finally a second generation Criolla was also identified. The very low rate of self-pollination events, the clonal propagation of the created material and the existence of several dozens of Criollas genotypes suggest the early appearance of breeding activities with South American identity during the colonial past and not necessarily from natural origin.

Financed by FIC-R GORE MAULE Code BIP 40.018.935-0 and FIA PYT 0036 2020

DOI:

Publication date: October 4, 2023

Issue: ICGWS 2023

Type: Article

Authors

Nilo Mejía1*, Irina Díaz2, Ángela González2 y Nallatt Ocarez1

1Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Centro Regional La Platina. Avenida Santa Rosa 11610, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
2 Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Centro Regional de Investigación Raihuén. Avenida Esperanza s/n Estación Villa Alegre, Linares, Chile

Contact the author*

Keywords

criollas, fingerprinting, grapevine genetics, ancient vitiviniculture

Tags

2ICGWS | ICGWS | ICGWS 2023 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Effect of soil particle size on vine water status, leaf ABA content and berry quality in Nebbiolo grapes

The root and shoot abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in response to water deficit and its relation with stomatal conductance is longtime known in grapevine. ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signalling response to osmotic stress coexist in sessile plants. In grapevine, the signaling role of ABA in response to water stress conditions and its influence on berry quality is critical to manage grapevine acclimation to climate change.

Read More

New oenological criteria for selecting strains of Lachancea thermotolerans for wine technology

The study conducted various fermentations of different grape juices using various strains of Lachancea thermotolerans and one strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Because of the new conditions caused by climate change, wine acidity must be influenced as well as the volatile profile. Non-Saccharomyces yeasts such as L. thermotolerans are real options to mitigate the impact of climate change in wine production.

Read More

Quantifying water use diversity across grapevine rootstock-scion combinations

Vines require proper light levels, temperature, and water availability, and climate change is modifying these factors, hampering yield and quality. Despite the large diversity of rootstocks, varieties, and clones, we still lack knowledge of their combined effects and potential role in a warmer and dryer future. Therefore, we aim to characterize some of the existing diversity of rootstocks and genotypes and their interaction at the eco-physiological level, combining stomatal conductance (gs) and chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis.

Read More

Adsorption of tetraconazole by organic residues and vineyard organically-amended soils 

Spain is the country with the largest wine-producing area in the EU and its productivity is largely controlled applying fungicides. However, residues of these compounds can move and contaminate surface and groundwater. The objective of this work was to evaluate the capacity of bioadsorbents from different origin to adsorb and immobilize tetraconazole by themselves or when applied as organic soil amendment, and to prevent soil and water contamination by this fungicide. The adsorption of tetraconazole by 3 organic residues: spent mushroom substrate (SMS), green compost (GC) and vine pruning sawdust (VP), as well as by vineyard soils unamended and amended individually with these residues at 1.5% (w/w) was evaluated using the batch equilibrium technique.

Read More

Effect of two water deficit regimes on the agronomic response of 12 grapevine varieties cultivated in a semi-arid climate

The Mediterranean basin is one of the most vulnerable regions to Climate Change effects. According to unanimous forecasts, the vineyards of Castilla-La Mancha will be among the most adversely affected by rising temperatures and water scarcity during the vine’s vegetative period. One potential strategy to mitigate the negative impacts of these changes involves the identification of grapevine varieties with superior water use efficiency, while ensuring satisfactory yields and grape quality.

Read More