terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Congress on Grapevine and Wine Sciences 9 2ICGWS-2023 9 Genetic prospecting of rainfed viticulture in the region with the largest cultivated area in Chile

Genetic prospecting of rainfed viticulture in the region with the largest cultivated area in Chile

Abstract

The Maule region hosts up to a third of the total area of vineyards in Chile, in an environment where ancient practices inherited from the colonial past coexist with modernity and dynamism that include technified irrigation and fine vines. In the dry land of Maule there is a viticulture that has subsisted with ancient vines and traditions transmitted over generations, and there is little clarity about the origin and classification of the Maule viticulture, giving rise to the use of different concepts as synonyms to describe the ancient, minority, patrimonial or Criollas vines. In order to characterize and protect the ancient material, we studied the genetic diversity of a territorial collection that covers 80% of the communes of the region, prioritizing plants established more than 40-60 years ago. The genetic analysis was performed with 27 SSR genetic markers. The primary analysis allowed us to identify varieties previously registered as modern, traditional of colonial origin, others post phylloxera and finally the group of Criollas vines derived from crosses between those of colonial origin. Secondary analysis allowed us to identify the genealogy and genetic diversity of the ancient material. In the Criollas family, up to 20 new F1 genotypes, derived from the old vines of colonial origin, have been identified, some of them are widely propagated throughout the region and the country, finally a second generation Criolla was also identified. The very low rate of self-pollination events, the clonal propagation of the created material and the existence of several dozens of Criollas genotypes suggest the early appearance of breeding activities with South American identity during the colonial past and not necessarily from natural origin.

Financed by FIC-R GORE MAULE Code BIP 40.018.935-0 and FIA PYT 0036 2020

DOI:

Publication date: October 4, 2023

Issue: ICGWS 2023

Type: Article

Authors

Nilo Mejía1*, Irina Díaz2, Ángela González2 y Nallatt Ocarez1

1Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Centro Regional La Platina. Avenida Santa Rosa 11610, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
2 Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Centro Regional de Investigación Raihuén. Avenida Esperanza s/n Estación Villa Alegre, Linares, Chile

Contact the author*

Keywords

criollas, fingerprinting, grapevine genetics, ancient vitiviniculture

Tags

2ICGWS | ICGWS | ICGWS 2023 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Green pruning of shoots to force new sprouting of buds, in fruit set and in pea size: vegetative, productive and maturation effects, in cv. Verdejo

The context of climate crisis leads to the acceleration of technological ripening of grapes, with unsuitable loss of acidity, so various vineyard management alternatives are being considered to delay the grape ripening. The delay of the vegetative cycle towards a period of milder temperatures affects ripening, but vine behavior can vary according to the area, conduction, watering, variety, etc. A work is proposed to know the response to the green pruning of shoots, executed in fruit set and in pea size, in cv. Verdejo.

Culturable microbial communities associated with the grapevine soil in vineyards of La Rioja, Spain

The definition of soil health is complex due to the lack of agreement on adequate indicators and to the high variability of global soils. Nevertheless, it has been widely used as synonymous of soil quality for more than one decade, and there is a consensus warning of scientists that soil quality and biodiversity loss are occurring due to the traditional intensive agricultural practices.
In this work we monitored a set of soil parameters, both physicochemical and microbiological, in an experimental vineyard under three different management and land use systems: a) addition of external organic matter (EOM) to tilled soil; b) no tillage and plant cover between grapevine rows, and c) grapevines planted in rows running down the slope and tilled soil.

Polyphenol content of cork granulates at different steps of the manufacturing process of microagglomerated stoppers treated with supercritical CO2 used for wine bottling

The wine closure industry is mainly divided into three categories: screw caps, synthetic closures, and cork-based closures. Among this latter, microagglomerated cork stoppers treated with supercritical CO2 are now widely used, especially to avoid cork taint contaminations[1]. They are designed with cork granules obtained from cork offcuts of the punching process during the natural cork stoppers production. A previous study[2] showed that these stoppers released fewer polyphenols in 12 % (v/v) hydroalcoholic solution than natural cork stoppers.

Accumulation of deleterious mutations in grapevine and its relationship with traits of interest for wine production and resilience

Deleterious mutations that severely reduce population fitness are rapidly removed from the gene pool by purifying selection. However, evolutionary drivers such as genetic drift brought about by demographic bottlenecks may comprise its efficacy by allowing deleterious mutations to accumulate, thereby limiting the adaptive potential of populations. Moreover, positive selection can hitchhike mildly deleterious mutations due to linkage caused by lack of recombination. Similarly, in the context of species domestication, artificial selection mimics these evolutionary processes, which can have undesirable consequences for production and resilience. In this study, we evaluated the extent of the accumulation of deleterious mutations and the magnitude of their effects (also known as genetic load) at the whole-genome scale for ca.

Evaluation of interception traps for capture of Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in vineyards varieties from Protected Denomination of Origin León

Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a pest in vineyards (Vitis vinifera) in the main Spain wine-producing regions with Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO). The action of the larvae, associated to the spreading of wood fungi, causes damage especially in important varieties of V. vinifera. X. arvicola females lay eggs concentrated in cracks or under the rhytidome in the wood vines, which allows the emerging larvae to get into the wood and make galleries inside the plant being then necessary to prune intensively or to pull up the bored plants (1). The objective of the study was to evaluate captures of X. arvicola insects in five varieties of V. vinifera in PDO León.