terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Congress on Grapevine and Wine Sciences 9 2ICGWS-2023 9 Mapping grapevine metabolites in response to pathogen challenge: a Mass Spectrometry Imaging approach

Mapping grapevine metabolites in response to pathogen challenge: a Mass Spectrometry Imaging approach

Abstract

Every year, viticulture is facing several outbreaks caused by established diseases, such as downy mildew and grey mould, which possess different life cycles and modes of infection. To cope with these different aggressors, grapevine must recognize them and arm itself with an arsenal of defense strategies.

The regulation of secondary metabolites is one of the first reactions of plants upon pathogen challenge. Their rapid biosynthesis can highly contribute to strengthen the defense mechanisms allowing the plant to adapt, defend and survive. Most of the works published so far, have focused on untargeted and/or targeted metabolite accumulations in a sample pool of an infected tissue. However, with these approaches it is not possible to obtain knowledge about the actual localization of the accumulated metabolites nor their specific sites of action.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) analytical techniques enable to visualize and map the spatial distribution of metabolites within plant tissues allowing to a better understanding of metabolite biosynthesis, localization and functions[1].

We have studied the spatial distribution of different metabolites in grapevine leaves infected with different pathogens, using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-MSI. Our results demonstrated that in grapevine-P. viticola interaction, putatively identified sucrose presented a higher accumulation mainly in the veins of the leaves, leading to the hypothesis that sucrose metabolism is being manipulated by the development structures of P. viticola[2]. Also, in grapevine leaves infected with B. cinerea, our results show that putatively identified stilbene phytoalexins accumulate in areas close to infection sites, with a high molecular diversity as evidenced by the detection of various oligomeric forms[3].

Our work opens new doors for the scientific community to gain a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics and variations of metabolite profiles in grapevine organs, at different developmental stages and under various stress conditions. This knowledge is crucial for elucidating the role of specific metabolites in grapevine defense mechanisms, identify specific regions of high or low metabolite production, which can contribute to targeted breeding to enhance disease resistance traits and impact grapevine productivity and quality.

Acknowledgements: Work funded by FCT-Portugal – research contract 2022.07433.CEECIND.

References:

  1. Maia M. et al. (2022). Molecular Localization of Phytoalexins at the Micron Scale: Towards a Better Understanding of Plant-Phytoalexin-Pathogen Dynamics. J. Agric. Food Chem. 70, 30, 9243–9245, DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04208
  2. Maia M. et al. (2022) Grapevine Leaf MALDI-MS Imaging Reveals the Localisation of a Putatively Identified Sucrose Metabolite Associated to Plasmopara Viticola Front. Plant Sci. 13:1012636, DOI 10.3389/fpls.2022.1012636
  3. Maia M. et al. (Submitted) Profiling and localization of stilbene phytoalexins revealed by MALDI-MSI during the grapevine-Botrytis cinerea J. Agric. Food Chem.

DOI:

Publication date: October 5, 2023

Issue: ICGWS 2023

Type: Article

Authors

Marisa Maia1,2,3*, Aziz Aziz4, Philippe Jeandet4, Andreia Figueiredo1,2, Vincent Carré3

1Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab., Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
2Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
3LCP-A2MC, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
4RIBP, USC INRAE 1488, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France

Contact the author*

Keywords

Mass Spectrometry Imaging, metabolomics, grapevine-pathogen interaction

Tags

2ICGWS | ICGWS | ICGWS 2023 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

New food trend ahead? Highlighting the nutritional benefits of grapevine leaves

The wine industry produces an enormous amount of waste every year. A wider inclusion of disregarded by-products in the human diet or its use as a source of bioactive compounds is a good strategy for reducing waste. It will not only introduce an added value to a waste product but also come upon the European Union and United Nations’ demands towards more sustainable agricultural approaches and circular economy.

A phylogenomic study reveals the major dissemination routes of ‘Tempranillo Tinto’ in the Iberian Peninsula

‘Tempranillo Tinto’ is a black-berried Iberian cultivar that originated from a hybridization between cvs. ‘Benedicto’ and ‘Albillo Mayor’ [1]. Today, it is the third most widely grown wine grape cultivar worldwide with more than 200,000 hectares of vineyards mostly distributed along the Iberian Peninsula, where it is also known as ‘Cencibel’, ‘Tinta de Toro’, ‘Tinta Roriz’, and ‘Aragonez’, among other synonyms. Here, we quantified the intra-varietal genomic diversity in this cultivar through the study of 35 clones or ancient vines from seven different Iberian wine-making regions. A comparative analysis after Illumina whole-genome sequencing revealed the presence of 1,120 clonal single nucleotide variants (SNVs).

Characterization of spoilage yeasts from Malbec grapes from San Rafael wine region (Argentina)

The yeast ecosystem in grape musts is quite broad and depends on the region and the health of the grapes. Within this, there are yeasts that can generate fermentative deviations and/or cause defects in the wine. It is very important to address this issue because there are significant economic losses in the wine industry when the fermentation process and/or the organoleptic characteristics of the wine are negatively affected, even more today since climate change has a marked effect on the composition of this ecosystem. The aim of this work is to characterize the behavior regarding detrimental oenological features of potential spoilage yeasts isolated from viticultural environments.

Phenotyping bud break and trafficking of dormant buds from grafted vine

In grapevine, phenology from bud break to berry maturation, depends on temperature and water availability. Increases in average temperatures accelerates initiation of bud break, exposing newly formed shoots to detrimental environmental stresses. It is therefore essential to identify genotypes that could delay phenology in order to adapt to the environment. The use of different rootstocks has been applied to change scion’s characteristics, to adapt and resist to abiotic and biotic stresses[1].

Extreme vintages affect grape varieties differently: a case study from a cool climate wine region

Eger wine region is located on the northern border of grapevine cultivation zone. In the cool climate, terroir selection is one of the foundations of quality wine making. However, climate change will have a significant impact on these high value-added vineyards. This study presents a case study from 2021 and 2022 with the investigation of three grape varieties (Kadarka, Syrah, Furmint). The experiment was conducted in a steep-sloped vineyard (Nagy-Eged hill) with a southern exposure.