terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Congress on Grapevine and Wine Sciences 9 2ICGWS-2023 9 Combined abiotic-biotic plant stresses on the roots of grapevine

Combined abiotic-biotic plant stresses on the roots of grapevine

Abstract

In the 19th century, devastating outbreaks of phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch), almost brought European viticulture to its knees. Phylloxera does not only take energy in form of sugars from the vine, but also affects the up- and down- regulations of genes, acts as a carbon sink and reprograms the physiology of the grapevines, including nutrient uptake and the defense system [1]. A key trait of rootstocks is the ability to perform well under high lime conditions as about 30 % of the land surface has calcareous soil. Iron deficiency not only causes the well-known problems of lime-induced chlorosis and stunted growth, but also affects the entire plant metabolism. This experiment analyzed the performance of two rootstock genotypes (Teleki 5C and Fercal) with different lime and phylloxera tolerance characteristics by analyzing the physiological and biochemical response to combined and singles stressors. A standardized pot experiment was conducted with grafted vines (both rootstocks with Chardonnay as scion) in 2022. Vines were planted into peat substrate in 7 L pots and fertilized with half strength Hoagland solution. The carbonate stress was applied by adding 10 mM KHCO3 to the nutrient solution. Vine physiology was frequently measured and samples were collected to analyze primary metabolites. We hypothesize that the combined lime-phylloxera-stress affects Fercal tolerance to lime stress by manipulating the primary metabolism in root tips. Our results showed, non-structural carbohydrates and organic acids in roots after combined stresses were reduced as compared to single stresses in Fercal suggesting a direct influence on stress tolerance. This pilot study shows, that biotic interactions could influence rootstocks traits with potential effects on vineyards in the frame of climate change.

References:

  1. Savi T et al. (2019) Gas exchange, biomass and non-structural carbohydrates dynamics in vines under combined drought and biotic stress. BMC Plant Biol 19:408, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2017-2

DOI:

Publication date: October 9, 2023

Issue: ICGWS 2023

Type: Poster

Authors

Juliane Bußkamp1*, Sarhan Khalil1, Astrid Forneck1, Michaela Griesser1*

1University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, Konrad-Lorenz Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria

Contact the author*

Keywords

phylloxera, iron deficiency, combined stress, rootstocks

Tags

2ICGWS | ICGWS | ICGWS 2023 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Atypical aging and hydric stress: insights on an exceptionally dry year

Atypical aging (ATA) is a white wine fault characterized by the appearance of notes of wet rag, acacia blossoms and naphthalene, along with the vanishing of varietal aromas. 2-aminoacetophenone (AAP) – a degradation compound of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) – is regarded as the main sensorial and chemical marker responsible for this defect. About the origin of ATA, a stress reaction occurring in the vineyard has been looked as the leading cause of this defect. Agronomic, climatic and pedological factors are the main triggers and among them, drought stress seems to play a crucial role.[1]

Read More

Development and validation of a free solvent UHPLC/MS-MS method to analyse melatonin and its precursors in Spanish commercial wines  

Melatonin is a bioactive compound present in foods and beverages such as wines. During alcoholic fermentation, yeast transforms tryptophan into certain indole compounds, including melatonin. This paper aims to develop and validate a free solvent analytical method by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS-MS) to determine melatonin and its precursors (L-tryptophan, tryptamine, serotonin, tryptophol, N-acetylserotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and 3- indoleacetic) that appropriately prevent the matrix effect.

Read More

Sparkling wines and atypical aging: investigating the risk of refermentation

Sparkling wine (SW) production entails a two-steps process where grape must undergoes a primary fermentation to produce a base wine (BW) which is then refermented to become a SW. This process allows for the development of a new physicochemical profile characterized by the presence of foam and a different organoleptic profile.

Read More

Detoxification capacities of heavy metals and pesticides by yeasts 

Winegrowing is still characterized by the extensive use of chemical fertilizers and plant protection products, despite strong recommendations to limit these practices. A part of these xenobiotics and metals are then found in grape juice and wine, causing a major health concern, as well as negatively affecting the fermentation process. In recent years, there has been renewed interest in non-Saccharomyces yeasts. These species have a wide phenotypic diversity, which would be exploited to broaden the aromatic palette of wines.

Read More

Ecophysiological characterisation of terroir effects on Vitis vinifera L. Chardonnay and pinot noir in south african cool climate regions

Terroir encompasses environmental (climate, geology, soil and topography), genetic (cultivar and clone) and human factors (oenological and viticultural practices). Climate change brings about shifts in the suitability of a region for the growth of specific grapevine cultivars. This study focused on climatic and fruit parameters (berry size, weight, pH, total acidity (TA) and phenolics) to characterise the terroir effect in Vitis vinifera L. cultivars Chardonnay and Pinot Noir vineyards in the Cape South Coast region (Walker Bay and Elgin).

Read More