terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Congress on Grapevine and Wine Sciences 9 2ICGWS-2023 9 Combined abiotic-biotic plant stresses on the roots of grapevine

Combined abiotic-biotic plant stresses on the roots of grapevine

Abstract

In the 19th century, devastating outbreaks of phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch), almost brought European viticulture to its knees. Phylloxera does not only take energy in form of sugars from the vine, but also affects the up- and down- regulations of genes, acts as a carbon sink and reprograms the physiology of the grapevines, including nutrient uptake and the defense system [1]. A key trait of rootstocks is the ability to perform well under high lime conditions as about 30 % of the land surface has calcareous soil. Iron deficiency not only causes the well-known problems of lime-induced chlorosis and stunted growth, but also affects the entire plant metabolism. This experiment analyzed the performance of two rootstock genotypes (Teleki 5C and Fercal) with different lime and phylloxera tolerance characteristics by analyzing the physiological and biochemical response to combined and singles stressors. A standardized pot experiment was conducted with grafted vines (both rootstocks with Chardonnay as scion) in 2022. Vines were planted into peat substrate in 7 L pots and fertilized with half strength Hoagland solution. The carbonate stress was applied by adding 10 mM KHCO3 to the nutrient solution. Vine physiology was frequently measured and samples were collected to analyze primary metabolites. We hypothesize that the combined lime-phylloxera-stress affects Fercal tolerance to lime stress by manipulating the primary metabolism in root tips. Our results showed, non-structural carbohydrates and organic acids in roots after combined stresses were reduced as compared to single stresses in Fercal suggesting a direct influence on stress tolerance. This pilot study shows, that biotic interactions could influence rootstocks traits with potential effects on vineyards in the frame of climate change.

References:

  1. Savi T et al. (2019) Gas exchange, biomass and non-structural carbohydrates dynamics in vines under combined drought and biotic stress. BMC Plant Biol 19:408, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2017-2

DOI:

Publication date: October 9, 2023

Issue: ICGWS 2023

Type: Poster

Authors

Juliane Bußkamp1*, Sarhan Khalil1, Astrid Forneck1, Michaela Griesser1*

1University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, Konrad-Lorenz Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria

Contact the author*

Keywords

phylloxera, iron deficiency, combined stress, rootstocks

Tags

2ICGWS | ICGWS | ICGWS 2023 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Oxidability of wines made from Spanish minority grape varieties

The phenolic profile of a wine plays an essential role in its oxidative capacity and in both white and red wines it defines its shelf life[1]. The study of minority varieties to produce wines with peculiar characteristics necessarily includes the phenolic and oxidative characterization of the wines produced. This paper presents the study of wines made from 24 minority and majority white and red grape varieties, focusing on phenolic characteristics (total phenols, slightly polymerized phenols, highly polymerized phenols, anthocyanins…), color, as well as parameters related to the oxidability of the wines and their capacity to consume oxygen [2].

Read More

Pre-breeding for developing heat stress resilient grape varieties to ensure yield 

Climate change has numerous detrimental consequences and creates new challenges for viticulture around the world. Transitory or constant high temperatures frequently associated with an excess of sunlight (UV) can cause a variety of physiological disorders, such as sunburn. Diverse environmental factors and the plant’s response mechanisms to stress determine the symptoms. Grapevine berry sunburn leads to a drastic reduction in yield, and may eventually decline berry quality. Consequently, this poses a significant risk to the winegrowers.

Read More

Potential of new genetic resources to improve drought adaptation of grapevine rootstocks

Grapevines are grown mainly as grafts worldwide, but the rootstocks most commonly used were selected between the late 19th and early 20th centuries and are based on reduced genetic diversity[1]. In the context of climate change, it is indeed urgent to diversify the range of rootstocks with genotypes much more adapted to drier environments, than the existing ones[2]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of new genetic resources for grapevine rootstock breeding programs. For this purpose, 12 American and Asian wild Vitis species (3 to 5 accessions per species = 50 accessions) were evaluated for their rooting ability and drought response.

Read More

Wine racking in the winery and the use of inerting gases

The O2 uptake in the different winemaking processes is generally considered to be negative for the sensory characteristics of white and rosé wines. Wine racking is a critical point of O2 uptake, as the large surface area of the wine exposed during this operation and the inability to maintain an effective inert gas blanket over it.
The objective was to study O2 uptake during the racking of a model wine without using inert gases and to compare it with the purging of the destination tank with different inert gases.

Read More

Combined use of leaf removal and natural shading to delay grape ripening in Manto negro (Vitis vinifera L.) under deficit irrigation 

The increasingly frequent heat waves during grape ripening pose challenges for premium wine grape production. This makes the development of irrigation and canopy management techniques of great importance to maximize yield and grape quality. A field experiment was carried out during 2021 and 2022 using Manto negro wine grapes to study the effect of two irrigation strategies and different light exposure levels on grape quality.

Read More