terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 INSIGHT THE IMPACT OF GRAPE PRESSING ON MUST COMPOSITION

INSIGHT THE IMPACT OF GRAPE PRESSING ON MUST COMPOSITION

Abstract

The pre-fermentative steps play a relevant role for the characteristics of white wine [1]. In particular, the grape pressing can affect the chemical composition and sensory profile and its optimized management leads to the desired extraction of aromas and their precursors, and phenols resulting in a balanced wine [2-4]. These aspects are important especially for must addressed to the sparkling wine as appropriate extraction of phenols is expected being dependent to grape composition, as well. To the best of our knowledge, a gap exists regarding grape composition – pressing conditions – must composition. To fulfill this gap and support the wine industry, this research aimed to clarify the impact of grape pressing based on both grape and must composition.

Chardonnay (7 samples) and Pinot blanc (2 samples) grapes were collected in vintage 2022 from different vineyards in Franciacorta area (Lombardy, Italy). These grapes were used to produce musts under an industrial scale following the pressing conditions adopted by wineries. Must samples were obtained at different extraction yields (e.g. running juice, 20, 30 [first fraction], 40, 50 [second fraction], 60 and 70 [third fraction] % must yields). The chemical parameters, turbidity units (NTU), color index (ABS 420 nm), total phenol index (TPI), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and antioxidant capacity (AC) were assessed in both grape and must samples.

A decreasing trend of readily assimilable nitrogen and titratable acidity was found in must samples with higher extraction yields, while the opposite was observed for pH, NTU, color index, TPI and AC with a different extend dependent from the grape varieties and pressing conditions. Considering the first fraction must, a high variability in phenol extraction was found, from 16% to about 35%. Such a difference could be attributable to the different pressing conditions adopted as comparable levels of TPI were detected in grapes used (1.7-2.2 g/L, RDS=10%). The PPO activity seemed to be unaffected by the increased must extraction yield. Grape variety was influential on phenol content for the same must yield being higher for Pinot blanc probably due to its thinner skin in comparison to Chardonnay.

This study suggests the phenol-related indexes should be considered in addition to the chemical parameters for the accurate management of the pressing step; it also has been clarifying the relation existing between the composition of grape and must.

 

1. Gawel R., Day M., Van Sluyter S.C., Holt H., Waters E.J., Smith P.A. (2014). White wine taste and mouthfeel as affected by juice extraction and processing. J. Agric. Food Chem. 62, 10008–10014. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf503082v
2. Ferreira-Lima N.E., Burin V.M., Caliari V.,  Bordignon-Luiz M.T. (2016). Impact of pressing conditions on the phenolic com-position, radical scavenging activity and glutathione content of Brazilian Vitis vinifera white wines and evolution during bottle ageing. Food Bioprocess. Technol. 9, 944–957. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-016-1680-7
3. Lukic I., Horvat I., Radeka S., Damijanic K., Staver M. (2019). Effect of different levels of skin disruption and contact with oxy-gen during grape processing on phenols, volatile aromas, and sensory characteristics of white wine. J. Food Process. Preserv. 201943, e13960. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.13969
4. Del Fresno J.M., Cardona M., Ossorio P., Loira I., Escott C., Morata A. (2021). White must extraction. In: White Wine Techno-logy. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-823497-6.00013-2

DOI:

Publication date: February 9, 2024

Issue: OENO Macrowine 2023

Type: Poster

Authors

Gvantsa Shanshiashvili¹, Marta Baviera¹, Antonio Tirelli¹, Daniela Fracassetti1,*

1. Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy 

Contact the author*

Keywords

White grape, Must extraction, Sparkling wine, Phenols

Tags

IVES Conference Series | oeno macrowine 2023 | oeno-macrowine

Citation

Related articles…

PINKING PHENOMENA ON WHITE WINES: RELATION BETWEEN PINKING SUSCEPTIBILITY INDEX (PSI) AND WINE ANTHOCYANINS CONTENT

Pinking is the emergence of pink tones in white wines exclusively produced from white grape varieties, known as pinking phenomena for many years. Pinking is essentially appeared when white wines are produced under reducing conditions [1,2,3]. Pinking usually occurs after bottling and storage of white wines, but its appearance has also been described after alcoholic fermentation or even as soon as the grape must is extracted [4]. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to investigate the existence of an-thocyanins in white wines made from different white grape varieties and grown locations and critically evaluate the most common method used for predicting pinking appearance in white wines: the Pinking Susceptibility Index (PSI).

Read More

PROBING GRAPEVINE-BOTRYTIS CINEREA INTERACTION THROUGH MASS SPECTROMETRY IMAGING

Plants in their natural environment are in continuous interaction with large numbers of potentially pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms. Depending on the microbe, plants have evolved a variety of resistance mechanisms that can be constitutively expressed or induced. Phytoalexins, which are biocidal compounds of low to medium molecular weight synthesized by and accumulated in plants as a response to stress, take part in this intricate defense system.1,2
One of the limitations of our knowledge of phytoalexins is the difficulty of analyzing their spatial responsiveness occurring during plant- pathogen interactions under natural conditions.

Read More

WHICH IMPACT FOR PROANTHOCYANIDIC TANNINS ON RED WINE FRUITY AROMA? SENSORY AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL APPROACHES

Previous research on the fruity character of red wines highlighted the role of esters. Literature provides evidence that, besides these esters, other compounds that are not necessarily volatiles may have an important impact on the overall aroma of wine, contributing to a modulation of its global aromatic expression. The goal of this work was to assess the olfactory consequences of a mixture between esters and proanthocyanidic tannins, through sensory and physico-chemical approaches.
Sensory analysis of numerous aromatic reconstitutions, including triangular tests, detection thresholds, and sensory profiles, were conducted in order to evaluate the sensory impact of tannins on red wine esters perception.

Read More

WINE RACKING IN THE WINERY AND THE USE OF INERT GASES: CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS

Atmospheric oxygen (O₂) generates oxidation in wines that affect their physicochemical and sensory evolution. The O₂ uptake in the different winemaking processes is generally considered to be negative for the sensory characteristics of white and rosé wines. Wine racking is a critical point of O₂ uptake, as the large surface area of the wine exposed during this operation and the inability to maintain an effective inert gas blanket over it.
The aim was to study the uptake of O₂ during the racking of a model wine as a reference and to compare with purging the destination tank with different inert gases.

Read More

HOW DOES ULTRASOUND TREATMENT AFFECT THE AGEING PROFILE OF AN ITALIAN RED WINE?

Many wine styles require moderate or extended ageing to ensure optimal consumer experience. However, few consumers have the interest or ability to age wine themselves, and holding wine in optimal conditions for extended periods is expensive for producers. A study was conducted on the use of ul-trasound energy on wine, with particular reference to its impact on sensory and chemical profiles. The OIV has authorised the use of ultrasound for processing crushed grapes (must) in Resolution OENO 616-2019, but not yet for finished wine1,2.

Read More