terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 MODULATION OF YEAST-DERIVED AROMA COMPOUNDS IN CHARDONNAY WINES USING ENCAPSULATED DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE TO CONTROL NUTRIENT RELEASE

MODULATION OF YEAST-DERIVED AROMA COMPOUNDS IN CHARDONNAY WINES USING ENCAPSULATED DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE TO CONTROL NUTRIENT RELEASE

Abstract

Yeast-derived aroma compounds are the result of different and complex biochemical pathways that mainly occur during alcoholic fermentation. Many of them are related -but not limited- to the availability of nutrients in the fermentation medium and linked to nitrogen metabolism and biomass produced. Besides, the metabolic phase of yeast also regulates the expression of many enzymes involved in the formation of aroma active compounds. The work investigates the overall effect of continuous supplementation of nutrients during alcoholic fermentation of a grape must on the volatile composition of wines. To this aim, diammonium phosphate was encapsulated mixed with a hydrophobic lipid matrix in two different supports designed to continuously release the salt for a final addition of 400 mg/L: a tablet-shaped support (Tb) of ~ 4 cm diameter and spherical microcapsules of ~0.2-1 mm diameter (Mc) obtained through spray cooling. The alcoholic fermentation was performed in triplicate at semi-industrial scale standardised conditions of turbidity (~100 NTU), yeast inoculum (200 mg/L) and fermentation temperature (19°C). Results were compared to those of wines fermented in absence of ammonium addition or supplemented with the same dose at the beginning of the alcoholic fermentation.

Among the metabolic compounds studied by GC-MS/MS, the production of acetate esters of higher alcohols was favoured by the Mc continuous ammonium release. This protocol almost doubled the total acetates formed in the untreated wines and increased ~33% and ~40% of those obtained with the one-shot supplementation and the Tb protocol respectively. Among alcohols, 2-phenylethanol and 2-methylbu-tanol were higher in the untreated wines and 1-propanol in the Mc protocol compared to others, even if the total amount of alcohols was not differentiated. Neither total fatty acids nor the corresponding ethyl esters were influenced by the nutrition protocol, even if some compounds were affected: ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate were higher in the Mc protocol, differentiated from the Tb and one-shot protocols. Overall, nitrogen supplementation increased the total amount of esters in wines, being the Mc protocol the most performing, differentiated from the one-shot and Tb protocols that were statistically indistinguishable between them.

DOI:

Publication date: February 9, 2024

Issue: OENO Macrowine 2023

Type: Poster

Authors

Tomas Roman¹, Mauro Paolini¹, Adelaide Gallo1,2, Laura Barp1,3, Luigino Bortolotto⁴, Nicola Cappello¹, Roberto Larcher¹

1. Fondazione Edmund Mach—Technology Transfer Center, via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’ Adige, Italy
2. C3A – Università degli Studi di Trento, via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’ Adige, Italy
3. Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
4. Sintal Srl. Via dell’Artigianato n. 9/11, 36033, Isola Vicentina (VI), Italia

Contact the author*

Keywords

yeast nutrients, diammonium phosphate, aroma compounds, continuous supplementation

Tags

IVES Conference Series | oeno macrowine 2023 | oeno-macrowine

Citation

Related articles…

FERMENTATION POTENTIAL OF INDIGENOUS NON-SACCHAROMYCES YEASTS ISOLATED FROM MARAŠTINA GRAPES OF CROATIAN VINEYARDS

The interest in indigenous non-Saccharomyces yeast for use in wine production has increased in recent years because they contribute to the complex character of the wine. The aim of this work was to investigate the fermentation products of ten indigenous strains selected from a collection of native yeasts established at the Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation in 2021, previously isolated from Croatian Maraština grapes, belonging to Hypopichia pseudoburtonii, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Metschnikowia sinensis, Metschnikowia chrysoperlae, Lachancea thermotolerans, Pichia kluyveri, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Hanseniaspora guillermondii, Hanseniaspora pseudoguillermondii, and Starmerella apicola species, and compare it with commercial non-Saccharomyces and Saccharomyces strains.

Read More

Metabolomics for grape and wine research: exploring the contributions of amino acids to wine flavour

A critical aspect of wine quality is the overall expression of wine flavour, which is formed by the interplay of volatile aroma compounds, their precursors, and taste and matrix components.
Grapes directly contribute to wine only a small number of potent aroma compounds, and the unique
sensory attributes and perceived quality of a wine result from combining 100s of metabolites of grapes, yeast and bacteria, and oak wood.

Read More

EFFECTS OF WINEMAKING FACTORS AND AGEING ON THE POLYPHENOLIC AND COLORIMETRIC PROFILES IN RED WINES PRONE TO COLOUR INSTABILITY

The effects of (A) grape freezing, and (B) malolactic fermentation, have been evaluated on the chemical and colorimetric profiles of red wines from Schiava grossa cv. grapes, thus prone to colour instability. The aim was to observe if specific variables (e.g. grape freezing) could improve the extraction and stability of pigments. The samples were studied from musts up to twelve months in bottle. The study was conducted with independent parallel micro-vinifications (12 = 4 theses x 3 replicates) under strictly-controlled conditions.

Read More

INFLUENCE OF WINEMAKING VARIABLES AND VINEYARD LOCATIONS ON CHEMICAL AND SENSORY PROFILES OF SOUTH TYROLEAN PINOT BLANC

Pinot Blanc, an important grape variety grown in some mountain areas of Northern Italy such as South Tyrol over the last decades, with its cultivation covering 10.3% of the total vineyards, has compatible climatic conditions (e.g. heat requirements) which are normally found in the geographical areas of the mountain viticulture [1,2,3,4]. Climatic changes are hastening the growth of this variety at higher elevations, particularly for the production of high quality wine.

Read More

OENOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF AUTOCHTHONOUS SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE STRAINS AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE PRODUCTION OF TYPICAL SAVATIANO WINES

Due to the global demand for terroir wines, the winemaking industry has focused attention on exploiting the local yeast microflora of each wine growing region to express the regional character and enhance the sensory profile of wines such as varietal typicity and aroma complexity. The objective of the present study was to isolate and compare the indigenous strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae present in different vineyards in the Mesogeia – Attiki wine region (Greece), evaluate their impact on chemical composition and sensory profile of Savatiano wines and select the most suitable ones for winemaking process.

Read More