GiESCO 2019 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 GiESCO 9 GiESCO 2019 9 Nitrogen partitioning among vine organs as a consequence of cluster thinning

Nitrogen partitioning among vine organs as a consequence of cluster thinning

Abstract

Context and purpose of the study ‐ Agroscope is investigating the impact of yield on nitrogen (N) partitioning in grapevine and on must composition. The mechanism of N assimilation, partitioning and 15 mobilization from the reserves is studied through foliar application of N isotope‐labelled urea over a two‐year period. The final scope is to optimize fertilizer use efficiency and grape composition. Here are summarized the results from the first year of experimentation.

Material and methods ‐ Two blocs (control and test) of 12 homogeneous potted grapevines each (Vitis vinifera L. Chasselas) were grown under field conditions. During summer 2017, cluster thinning allowed to create a large yield gradient (from 0.5 to 2.5 kg/m2 of soil). Vegetative development—canopy weight, leaf area, photosynthesis activity—and yield parameters —bud fruitfulness, bunch and berry weights, number of bunches and total yield per vine— were measured. All the vines were excavated at harvestand the organs were separated (roots, trunk, canopy, pomace and must), with the aim of monitoring N partitioning in the plant. The test bloc received 20 kg/ha of foliar‐applied 15N labelled urea at veraison. Total organic carbon and nitrogen and their stable isotope compositions were determined in each organ, using EA‐IRMS. The musts were analysed for their content of soluble sugars, acids, NH4+ and amino acids.

Results ‐ Grapevine compensated higher N demand from the grapes by assimilating more N through leaves and roots and mobilizing more N from reserves. The foliar supply of urea limited N mobilization from the roots, preserving the reserves for the following year. Must amino‐acid profiles varied significantly with the yield. Yield had no impact neither on vegetative development nor on grape maturation. With increasing yield, N concentration remained constant in the canopy and grapes at harvest, to the detriment of the N content in roots. Urea assimilation was positively correlated with the yield (r = 0.68, P = 0.029). Urea supply had a positive impact on yeast assimilable nitrogen concentration in the must only under higher yield conditions. 

DOI:

Publication date: June 19, 2020

Issue: GiESCO 2019

Type: Article

Authors

Thibaut VERDENAL (1,2), Jorge E. SPANGENBERG (2), Vivian ZUFFEREY (1), Agnes DIENES‐NAGY (1), Olivier VIRET (3), Cornelis VAN LEEUWEN (4), Jean‐Laurent SPRING (1)

(1) Agroscope, Av. Rochettaz 21, CH-1009 Pully, Switzerland
(2) Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
(3) Direction générale de l’agriculture, de la viticulture et des affaires vétérinaires (DGAV), Av. de Marcelin 29, CH-1110 Morges, Switzerland
(4) EGFV,Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France

Contact the author

Keywords

 Nitrogen, partitioning, yield, foliar urea, isotope labelling, amino acids

Tags

GiESCO 2019 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Pure wine vs natural wine

S’il n’existe pas de réglementation officielle, la démarche des vins naturels prône un retour aux pratiques dites ancestrales préconisant notamment un mode d’élaboration des vins utilisant le moins d’intrants possible. Le seul autorisé reste l’anhydride sulfureux (SO2) à des doses quatre à cinq fois moins importantes que pour les vins dits conventionnels. Ce désir de renouer avec

Development of analytical sampling technique to study the aroma profile of Pinot Noir wine

A novel and efficient Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) method coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was developed to determine 33 key aroma compounds (esters, alcohols, aldehydes, terpenes, norisoprenoids, fatty acids and phenols) present in Pinot noir (PN) wine. Four critical parameters including extraction solvent type, disperse solvent type, extraction solvent volume and disperse solvent volume were optimised with the aid of D-optimal design.

The kinetics of grape aromatic precursors hydrolysis at three different temperatures

In neutral grapes, it is known that most aroma compounds are present as non-volatile
precursors.

Untargeted metabolomics analyses to study taste-active compounds released during post-fermentation maceration of wine

The sensory properties of a wine depends on its colours, aromas and flavors. Regarding red wines, the gustatory part consists of the acid, bitter and sweet tastes

Rootstock regulation of scion phenotypes: the relationship between rootstock parentage and petiole mineral concentration

Grapevine is grown as a graft since the end of the 19th century. Rootstocks not only provide tolerance to Phylloxera but also ensure the supply of water and mineral nutrients to the scion. Rootstocks are an important mean of adaptation to environmental conditions, because the scion controls the typical features of the grapes and wine. However, among the large diversity of rootstocks worldwide, few of them are commercially used in the vineyard. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which rootstocks modify the mineral composition of the petioles of the scion. Vitis vinifera cvs. Cabernet-Sauvignon, Pinot noir, Syrah and Ugni blanc were grafted onto 55 different rootstock genotypes and planted in a vineyard as three replicates of 5 vines. Petioles were collected in the cluster zone with 6 replicates per combination. Petiolar concentrations of 13 mineral elements (N, P, K, S, Mg, Ca, Na, B, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Al) at veraison were determined. Scion, rootstock and the interaction explained the same proportion of the phenotypic variance for most mineral elements. Rootstock genotype showed a significant influence on the petiole mineral element composition. Rootstock effect explained from 7 % for Cu to 25 % for S of the variance. The difference of rootstock conferred mineral status is discussed in relation to vigor and fertility. Rootstocks were also genotyped with 23 microsatellite markers. Data were analysed according to genetic groups in order to determine whether the petiole mineral composition could be related to the genetic parentage of the rootstock. Thanks to a highly powerful design, it is the first time that such a large panel of rootstocks grafted with 4 scions has been studied. These results give the opportunity to better characterize the rootstocks and to enlarge the diversity used in the vineyard.