terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Open-GPB 9 Open-GPB-2024 9 Flash - Abiotic interactions 9 The adaptation and resilience of scions and rootstocks to water constraint

The adaptation and resilience of scions and rootstocks to water constraint

Abstract

The ability of grapevine cultivars and rootstocks to cope with and adapt to recurring water constraints is the focus of this study. The contribution of intrinsic (epigenetic) and extrinsic (rootzone microbial community) factors to water stress resilience will be discussed. The study was conducted in a validated model vineyard where three scion cultivars (Pinotage, Shiraz, and Cabernet Sauvignon) on two rootstocks (Richter 110 and USVIT8-7) grow under recurring seasonal water constraint (and control) scenarios since planting (in 2020). Comprehensive profiling of the site, soil, atmospheric conditions, plants, and their physiological responses provide contextual data for the analyses conducted. Sampling occurred twice in a season, firstly when no water constraint was evident yet (in that season), or after a period of confirmed water stress. For the epigenetic analyses, an initial baseline methylation analysis was performed, indicating that the %methylation drops towards the second time point (as water constraint developed). A more detailed analysis followed to also test for developmental patterns and to identify target plants for a deeper epigenetic analysis. The soil microbial community analysis showed that the rootstock-scion combinations significantly influenced fungal communities in terms of the level of diversity and community composition and structure, while sampling time points contributed significantly to differences in the bacterial community diversity. Clear alterations were observed in the vineyard microbiome with increasing water constraints. The combined data provides insight into the adaptability of grapevines and confirms the value of long-term experimentation and a high level of characterisation of complex field phenotyping sites in grapevine.

Download the abstract

DOI:

Publication date: June 13, 2024

Issue: Open GPB 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Melané A Vivier*, Riyana Diljee, Nomfundo Shange, Anscha Zietsman, Reinhard Swart, Talitha Venter, Carlos Poblete-Echeverria, Philip R Young, Mathabatha Evodia Setati

South African Grape and Wine Research Institute (SAGWRI), Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa

Contact the author*

Keywords

Scion, Rootstock, Water stress, Epigenetics; Grapevine Microbiome

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Open GPB | Open GPB 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Evaluation of the effect of regulated deficit irrigation on Vitis vinifera Cabernet-Sauvignon physiological traits and final fruit composition

Climate change establishes challenges, as well as opportunities for many sectors, and markedly the wine sector.
Read More

Advances in the chemistry of rosé winemaking and ageing

The market share of Rosé wine in France has grown from 11 % to 32 % over the last 20 years. Current trends are towards rosé wines of a lighter shade of pink, and where possible, containing a greater concentration in varietal thiols. Grape varieties, the soil on which they are grown, viticultural practices and winemaking technology all impact the polyphenols, color and aromas of rosé wines.

Read More

Addition of glutathione-rich inactivated yeasts to white musts: effects on wine composition and sensory quality

Glutathione plays a key role in preventing some oxidative processes during winemaking. This molecule limits the must enzymatic oxidation, reacts with caffeic acid and generates a colourless compound that prevents subsequent browning. It also has a protective effect on wine aroma, preventing the oxidation of the volatile compounds with a high sensory impact.

Read More

Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and preliminary trials for the application of the DNA-free genome editing in grapevine cv. Corvina veronese

Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is a globally significant fruit crop, and enhancing its agronomic and oenological traits is crucial to meet changing agricultural conditions and consumer demands. Conventional breeding has played a key role in domesticating grapevine varieties, but it is a time-consuming process to develop new cultivars with desirable traits for cultivation.
New plant breeding techniques (NpBTs) offer a potential revolution in grapevine cultivation, and genome editing has shown promise for targeted mutagenesis. The success of these biotechnological approaches relies on efficient in vitro regeneration protocols, particularly through somatic embryogenesis (SE).

Read More

TARTARIC STABILIZATION MAY AFFECT THE COLOR AND POLYPHENOLIC COMPOSITION OF TANNAT RED WINES FROM URUGUAY

Tartrate precipitation affects the properties of wines, due to the formation of crystals that cause turbidity, even after being bottled. The forced tartaric stabilization is carried out frequently for young wines, through various physicochemical procedures. The traditional treatment for tartaric stabilization is refrigeration, but it can have a negative effect on wine’s sensory properties, and particularly on the color of red wines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different tartaric stabilization options on the color and phenolic composition of Tannat red wines from Uruguay.

Read More