terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Somatic embryogenesis and polyploidy in grapevine: morphological shoot and leaf traits variations

Somatic embryogenesis and polyploidy in grapevine: morphological shoot and leaf traits variations

Abstract

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) has been used in a variety of biotechnology applications such as virus elimination, cryopreservation, induced mutagenesis and genetic transformation. The SE induction process may cause DNA alterations and ploidy changes, which may provide a source of genetic variability useful for the improvement of agronomic characteristics of plants. This research aims at investigating the spontaneous alterations of the genome in grapevine plants regenerated through SE. Regenerants obtained from different embryogenic events from three different grapevine genotypes (Catarratto, Frappato and Nero d’Avola) were analysed. Three different DNA-based techniques, were used to verify mutations (RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers). We also estimated the ploidy levels of regenerants and differences were observed for 10% of Frappato regenerants that were tetraploid. The different ploidy levels induced several anatomical/morphological changes of the shoots, mature leaves and stomata, which were larger in tetraploid as compared to diploid regenerants. Also, the number of chloroplasts per guard cell pair was higher in tetraploids as compared to diploids; on the contrary, the stomatal index was lower in tetraploids than in diploids. These profound morphological alterations may influence a wide range of physiological processes related to adaptation to environmental stresses.

Download the abstract

DOI:

Publication date: June 13, 2024

Issue: Open GPB 2024

Type: Poster

Authors

Loredana Abbate1, Caterina Catalano1,2, Antonio Motisi1, Dalila Crucitti1, Francesco Carimi1 and Angela Carra1*

1 Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
2 Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy

Contact the author*

Keywords

autopolyploidy, ploidy variability, somatic embryogenesis,  stomatal characteristics, grapevine

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Open GPB | Open GPB 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Importance of the Terror Variability Map (TVM) in Precision viticulture (PV): choice of methodology for soil classification

The Precision Viticulture (PV) is defined “as a management system that is information and technology based, is site specific and uses one or more of the following sources of data: soils, vigour, nutrients, pests, moisture, and yield among others, for optimum profitability, sustainability, and protection of the environment” (OIV, 2018, in process). The elements mentioned in the definition are an important part of the terroir components. The terroir is a tool In Viticulture, it is the analysis and study unit, and the variability of a certain situation can be due to any difference in every element or property of each factor that constitutes it, including the management.The soil and its management are those that bring the most variability to terroir.

Read More

Composition and molar mass distribution of different must and wine colloids

A major problem for winemakers is the formation of proteinaceous haze after bottling. Although the exact mechanisms remain unclear, this haze is formed by unfolding and agglomeration of grape proteins, being additionally influenced by numerous further factors.

Read More

Oak Tannin and Unoaked and Oaked Wine Extracts Influence Gene Expression in HepaRG Human Liver Cells

Previous work from our laboratory has shown that both a purified toasted oak powder and extracts made from unoaked and oaked red wines influenced physiological parameters, metabolism and hepatic gene expression in high-fat fed C57/BL6J male mice (Luo et al., 2020).  Impacted pathways included glucose metabolism, liver fat accumulation, markers of chronic inflammation, and expression of the Gsta1 mRNA.  

Read More

Assessing the Effectiveness of Electrodialysis in Controlling Brettanomyces Growth in Wine

Brettanomyces yeast can negatively impact the quality and stability of wines, posing a significant challenge to winemakers. [1] This study aims to develop novel management practices to limit Brettanomyces impact on wines by evaluating the effectiveness of electrodialysis (ED) technology in removing magnesium (Mg2+) from wine to prevent the development of Brettanomyces yeast. The ED technique utilizes charged membranes to extract ions from the wine, and it is considered an alternative to cold stabilization that requires less energy. [2]

Read More

Spatial Analysis of Climate in Winegrape Growing Regions in Portugal

Spatial climate data at a 1 km resolution has allowed for a comprehensive mapping and assessment of viticulture DOs regions in Portugal. Overall the 50 regions and sub-regions in Portugal range

Read More