Somatic embryogenesis and polyploidy in grapevine: morphological shoot and leaf traits variations

Les préoccupations actuelles autour des paysages viticoles vont au-delà des clichés promotionnels développés par les stratégies marketing. En effet, les paysages sont aujourd’hui au cœur d’une demande sociale croissante qui se traduit par différentes lois (la loi paysage de 1993, le paysage reconnu comme patrimoine commun de la nation par la loi n°95-101, la création du Conseil national du paysage par arrêté du 8/12/2000).

Context and purpose of the study. Climate change accelerates grapevine’s phenology, advancing harvests by 2–3 weeks over the past 40 years negatively affecting wine style due to a lack of acidity and too much alcohol.

Ectopic RNA application for plant defense faces challenges in tree crops, including size, diffusion, and stability of active compounds such as ribonucleoproteins and nucleic acids. While existing strategies involve expressing dsRNA in transgenic plants targeting pathogens, our research strives to develop a transient RNAi system based on Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS). This approach aims to circumvent legal barriers and public concerns associated with genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Our strategy integrates SIGS with branched polyethyleneimine-functionalized Carbon Dots (bPEI-CDs) as nanocarriers, effectively addressing unique delivery challenges in plant defense as RNA stability and uptake enhancement

Grafting plants uses intrinsic healing processes to join two different plants together to create one functional organism. To further our understanding of the molecular changes occurring during graft union formation in grapevine, we characterized the metabolome and transcriptome of intact and wounded cuttings (with and without buds to represent scions and rootstocks respectively), and homo- and heterografts at 0 and 14 days after wounding/grafting. As over-wintering, dormant plant material was grafted, we also characterized the gene expression changes in the wood during bud burst and spring activation of growth. We observed an asymmetrical pattern of gene expression between above and below the graft interface, auxin and sugar related genes were up-regulated above the graft interface, while genes involved in stress responses were up-regulated below the graft interface.

Simgi® platform pursues the need for dynamic in vitro simulation of the human gastrointestinal tract optimized and adapted to food safety and health fields. The platform has confirmed the model’s suitability since its first’s studies with the consistency between the simulated colonic metabolism of wine polyphenols and the metabolic evolution observed with the intake of wine in human intervention studies [1].