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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Somatic embryogenesis and polyploidy in grapevine: morphological shoot and leaf traits variations

Somatic embryogenesis and polyploidy in grapevine: morphological shoot and leaf traits variations

Abstract

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) has been used in a variety of biotechnology applications such as virus elimination, cryopreservation, induced mutagenesis and genetic transformation. The SE induction process may cause DNA alterations and ploidy changes, which may provide a source of genetic variability useful for the improvement of agronomic characteristics of plants. This research aims at investigating the spontaneous alterations of the genome in grapevine plants regenerated through SE. Regenerants obtained from different embryogenic events from three different grapevine genotypes (Catarratto, Frappato and Nero d’Avola) were analysed. Three different DNA-based techniques, were used to verify mutations (RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers). We also estimated the ploidy levels of regenerants and differences were observed for 10% of Frappato regenerants that were tetraploid. The different ploidy levels induced several anatomical/morphological changes of the shoots, mature leaves and stomata, which were larger in tetraploid as compared to diploid regenerants. Also, the number of chloroplasts per guard cell pair was higher in tetraploids as compared to diploids; on the contrary, the stomatal index was lower in tetraploids than in diploids. These profound morphological alterations may influence a wide range of physiological processes related to adaptation to environmental stresses.

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Publication date: June 13, 2024

Issue: Open GPB 2024

Type: Poster

Authors

Loredana Abbate1, Caterina Catalano1,2, Antonio Motisi1, Dalila Crucitti1, Francesco Carimi1 and Angela Carra1*

1 Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
2 Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy

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Keywords

autopolyploidy, ploidy variability, somatic embryogenesis,  stomatal characteristics, grapevine

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Open GPB | Open GPB 2024

Citation

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