Somatic embryogenesis and polyploidy in grapevine: morphological shoot and leaf traits variations

The recent development of regulatory genomics has raised increasing interest in plant research since transcriptional regulation of genes plays a pivotal role in many biological processes. By shedding light on the target genes of the various transcription factors (TFs), it is therefore possible to infer the influence they exert on the different molecular mechanisms. In this regard, the attention was focused on WRKYs, a family of TFs almost exclusively found in plant species. In grapevine, WRKYs are involved in several biological processes, playing a key role in berry development, hormonal balance and signalling, biotic and abiotic stresses responses, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis.

Wine contains so many odorants that all its olfaction-related perceptions are, inevitably, the result of the interaction between many odorants.

The last official zoning of Viticulture in Yugoslavia was performed 1978. year, when (according to recommendation of OIV and European Economic Community), regions, sub regions and vineyards districts were established supposing that the varieties which will be exhibit ail the positive agro biological and technological characteristics.

Developing a sustainable agricultural production system and acquiring the full potential of land resources requires employing land-use assessment. This entails knowledge of the climate, soil, and topography of the area of interest.

The soil plays a key role in viticulture since it defines the planting depth, development and aeration of the root system and also controls the absorption of mineral elements and water conditions of the plant