Enhancing plant defense: carbon dots for efficient spray-induced gene silencing 

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in characterizing the ecological environment of vineyard production, and the growing need to delimit and characterize with precision the different homogeneous viticultural units. This has allowed the development of new studies which have as their objective the Vineyard Zoning. The delimitation and characterization of wine-growing areas poses specific problems in Spain, not only linked to the specific characteristics of the territory, but also to the size, distribution and index of viticultural occupation in the designations of origin.

Current environmental, ecological and economic issues require a better vineyard production management. In fact, a poor use of fertilizing could lead to harmful impact on environment. Another issue concerns the cultures themselves which couldn’t use fertilizers efficiently, leading to a loss of income or too much expense for farmers. Presently, estimation of fertilization’s needs is realized by the laboratory analysis of leaves selected through a random sampling. The present study aims at optimizing fertilization’s management by using a map of biophysical parameters estimated from satellite images.

Somló is Hungary’s smallest wine district, however one of the best producing white wines. The majority of vineyard areas are located on the slopes of Somló-hill, situated at the point where the Kisalföld meets Bakonyalja

Vigor declines in older vineyards and poor vine establishment in replant situations have been attributed to plant-parasitic nematodes. The northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is the most prevalent plant-parasitic nematode species found in Washington wine grape vineyards. Management for nematodes in established vineyards is limited to the application of post-plant nematicides. We are evaluating new nematicides that are currently not registered in grape for their efficacy in controlling M. hapla and a part of that evaluation includes improving the alignment of nematicide application timing with the vulnerable second-stage juvenile (J2) life stage of M. hapla.

The Southern Oregon American Viticultural Area (AVA) consists of the Applegate Valley, Rogue Valley, Umpqua Valley, Elkton Oregon, and Red Hills of Douglas County sub-AVAs (Figure 1) that are some of the many winegrape producing regions found within the intermountain valleys along the west coast of the United States.