Techniques for sunburn reduction in bunches in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Graciano

Vine water use is a critical determinant of vineyard management practices, especially in the context of climate change.

The success of grafting in viticulture is deeply influenced by the nutrient composition of both rootstock and scion
materials. Key components such as nitrogen and carbohydrates play a crucial role in graft compatibility, establishment,
and overall plant vigor [1].

Iron (Fe) deficiency is one of the important nutritional disorders for grapevine growing in alkaline and calcareous soils. Although Fe is an abundant element in soil, several factors limiting its availability, particularly the high levels of calcium carbonate or bicarbonate in soil, leading to a remarkable reduction in grapevine growth and productivity. The use of Fe chlorosis-tolerant rootstocks seems to be a cost-effective and efficient way to maintain Fe balance. Morphological and physiological changes occur in plants to cope with low Fe availability, including enhancement of ferric chelate reductase activity and altering root system by increasing lateral roots and root hairs.

The climate is the environmental factor that contributes with greater weight in the variability of the yield and the composition of the grape, therefore, it is key in the determination of the typicity of the product. Of the environmental factors, the evolution of water availability conditions, among other things, the biochemical evolution of the compounds of the grape and the type of wine to be elaborated. An integrating parameter of the hydric state of the plant is the carbon isotopic composition (δ13C). This indicator is a useful parameter to characterize the water status during the maturation period and estimate the transpiration efficiency or water use efficiency (EUA) in the vine.

This work aims at identifying the most appropriate marketing strategies to inform consumers of the global market about the added value of the wines of Friuli Venezia Giulia.