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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Towards understanding the mechanisms of resistance to grapevine Flavescence dorée

Towards understanding the mechanisms of resistance to grapevine Flavescence dorée

Abstract

Flavescence dorée (FD) is a very serious grapevine disease, classified as quarantine in Europe, where it appeared in the middle of the last century. It is associated with the presence of phytoplasmas, transmitted in the vineyard by a leafhopper of American origin, Scaphoideus titanus. FD causes severe wine production losses and often leads to plant death. There are currently no alternative solutions to insecticide treatments against the vector and uprooting of diseased vines. This paper summarizes the research conducted by CREA in the recent years to understand the grapevine mechanisms of susceptibility and resistance to FD and to identify innovative and more sustainable solutions to control FD. On the one hand, studies involving the observation of symptoms in the field, the presence, and the movements of the phytoplasma in different plant organs, and the comparison of transcriptomic and metabolic responses between highly susceptible and more resistant varieties revealed interesting mechanisms associated with these characteristics, and clearly different among varieties. In parallel, a vine population has been created by crossing susceptible and resistant varieties, which is currently being both genotyped and phenotyped in the vineyard, with the aim of identifying the genetic basis of the resistance. The results of these studies can be exploited for a more durable and sustainable vineyard management in the future.

Verso la comprensione dei meccanismi di resistenza alla flavescenza dorata della vite

La flavescenza dorata (FD) è una gravissima malattia della vite, di quarantena in europa, dove è comparsa alla metà del secolo scorso. E associata alla presenza di fitoplasmi, trasmessi in vigneto da una cicalina di origine americana, scaphoideus titanus. La FD causa gravi perdite di produzione vitivinicole e spesso porta la pianta alla morte. Non esistono al momento soluzioni alternative ai trattamenti insetticidi contro il vettore e all’espianto delle viti malate. In questo lavoro vengono sintetizzate le ricerche degli ultimi anni condotte dal CREA per capire i meccanismi della suscettibilità e resistenza alla FD in vite e per identificare soluzioni innovative e più sostenibili per la lotta alla FD. Da un lato, gli studi che coinvolgono l’osservazione dei sintomi in campo, la presenza ed i movimenti del fitoplasma nei diversi organi della pianta, il confronto delle risposte trascrittomiche e metaboliche fra varietà molto suscettibili e altre più resistenti hanno messo in luce meccanismi interessanti associati a tali caratteristiche e chiaramente diversi fra la varietà. In parallelo, sono state create delle popolazioni da incrocio fra cv suscettibili e resistenti, che sono in corso di genotipizzazione e fenotipizzazione in vigneto, con lo scopo di identificare le basi genetiche di tali meccanismi. I risultati di questi studi potranno essere sfruttati per una lotta futura in vigneto più durevole e sostenibile.

Vers la compréhension des mécanismes de résistance à la flavescence dorée de la vigne

La flavescence dorée (FD) est une maladie très grave de la vigne, mise en quarantaine en europe, où elle est apparue au milieu du siècle dernier. Elle est associée à la présence de phytoplasmes, transmis dans le vignoble par une cicadelle d’origine américaine, scaphoideus titanus. La FD entraîne de graves pertes de production de vin et conduit souvent à la mort des plantes. Il n’existe actuellement aucune solution alternative aux traitements insecticides contre le vecteur et à l’arrachage des vignes malades. Cet article résume les recherches menées ces dernières années par le CREA pour comprendre les mécanismes de sensibilité et de résistance à la FD chez la vigne et pour identifier des solutions innovantes et plus durables pour lutter contre la FD. D’une part, des études sur l’observation des symptômes au champ, la présence et le mouvement du phytoplasme dans les différents organes de la plante et la comparaison des réponses transcriptomiques et métaboliques entre des variétés très sensibles et des variétés plus résistantes ont révélé des mécanismes intéressants associés à ces caractéristiques et clairement différents d’une variété à l’autre. Parallèlement, des populations ont été créées à partir de croisements entre des variétés sensibles et résistants, qui sont génotypés et phénotypés dans le vignoble, dans le but d’identifier la base génétique de ces mécanismes. Les résultats de ces études peuvent être exploités pour un contrôle futur plus durable dans le vignoble.

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Elisa Angelini¹, Luisa Filippin¹, Vally Forte¹, Sofia Casarin¹, Nadia Bertazzon¹

¹ CREA Viticoltura Enologia, Viale XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy

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Tags

Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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