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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Pierce’s disease of grapevines, a new threat to the wine industry in Southern Europe

Pierce’s disease of grapevines, a new threat to the wine industry in Southern Europe

Abstract

Pierce’s disease (PD) is considered a potential threat to european viticulture (EPPO a2 list of pathogens since 1981). In the usa, infections caused by the vector-borne bacterium xylella fastidiosa have caused recurrent damage to vineyards in California and the Southeastern states. However, vineyards in Europe have remained free of PD until recently, when it was first detected on the island of Mallorca in 2017. The reasons for the absence of PD in continental Europe have not been convincingly explained. Using an epidemiological model that simulates transmission, summer growth and winter survival of the bacterium on the infected plant and the distribution of the main vector in europe, philaenus spumarius, we tracked the epidemic risk of PD over time from 1870 to forthcoming +3°c scenarios. We find that continental Europe remained free of the risk of PD establishment until the 90s of the last century, and since then the risk has increased exponentially. Under scenarios of +2 to +3°c average temperature increase in Europe, our model predicts a very substantial increase in epidemic risk in large parts of Italy, Southern France and Portugal, and to a much lesser extent in spain. Recent outbreaks of PD in Portugal and Italy are in temporal and spatial agreement with our model predictions, making the projections quite reliable and a cause for concern for southern european viticulture.

La maladie de pierce de la vigne, une nouvelle menace pour la filière vitivinicole du sud de l’Europe

La maladie de pierce (MP) est considérée comme une menace potentielle pour la viticulture européenne (liste a2 de l’OEPP des agents pathogènes depuis 1981). Aux États-Unis, les infections causées par la bactérie vectorielle xylella fastidiosa ont causé des dégâts récurrents dans les vignobles de Californie et des états du sud-est. Cependant, les vignobles européens sont restés exempts de MP jusqu’à récemment, lorsqu’elle a été détectée pour la première fois sur l’île de Majorque en 2017. Les raisons de l’absence de MP en europe continentale n’ont pas été expliquées de manière convaincante. A l’aide d’un modèle épidémiologique simulant la transmission, la croissance estivale et la survie hivernale de la bactérie sur la plante infectée ainsi que la répartition du principal vecteur en Europe, philaenus spumarius, nous avons suivi le risque épidémique de MP au fil du temps, de 1870 jusqu’à +3°c prochain. Scénarios. Nous constatons que l’europe continentale est restée à l’abri du risque d’établissement de la mp jusqu’aux années 90 du siècle dernier et que depuis lors, le risque a augmenté de façon exponentielle. Dans des scénarios d’augmentation de la température moyenne de +2 à +3°c en Europe, notre modèle prédit une augmentation très importante du risque épidémique dans une grande partie de l’Italie, du sud de la France et du Portugal, et dans une bien moindre mesure en Espagne. Les récents foyers de mp au portugal et en Italie sont en accord temporel et spatial avec les prévisions de notre modèle, ce qui rend les projections assez fiables et préoccupantes pour la viticulture du sud de l’Europe.

La enfermedad de pierce en la vid, una nueva amenaza para la industria vitivinícola del sur de Europa

La enfermedad de pierce (PD) se considera una amenaza potencial para la viticultura europea (lista a2 de patógenos de la OEPP desde 1981). En Estados Unidos, las infecciones causadas por la bacteria xylella fastidiosa, transmitida por vectores, han causado daños recurrentes en viñedos de California y los estados del sureste. Sin embargo, los viñedos en Europa han permanecido libres de PD hasta hace poco, cuando se detectó por primera vez en la isla de Mallorca en 2017. Las razones de la ausencia de PD en Europa continental no se han explicado de manera convincente. Utilizando un modelo epidemiológico que simula la transmisión, el crecimiento estival y la supervivencia invernal de la bacteria en la planta infectada y la distribución del principal vector en Europa, philaenus spumarius, rastreamos el riesgo epidémico de pd a lo largo del tiempo desde 1870 hasta los próximos escenarios de +3°c. Encontramos que Europa continental permaneció libre del riesgo de establecimiento de la PD hasta los años 90 del siglo pasado, y desde entonces el riesgo ha aumentado exponencialmente. Bajo escenarios de +2 a +3°c de aumento de la temperatura media en Europa, nuestro modelo predice un aumento muy sustancial del riesgo epidémico en amplias zonas de Italia, sur de Francia y Portugal, y en mucha menor medida en España. Los recientes brotes de PD en Portugal e italia coinciden temporal y espacialmente con las predicciones de nuestro modelo, lo que hace que las proyecciones sean bastante fiables y motivo de preocupación para la viticultura del sur de Europa.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Eduardo Moralejo¹

¹ Tragsa – Passatge Cala Figuera, Nº 6, Palma, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

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