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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 SAVOIR: A project promoting innovative and effective prophylactic methods in viticulture, as part of the governmental plan to anticipate the withdrawal of plant protection products in France (PARSADA)

SAVOIR: A project promoting innovative and effective prophylactic methods in viticulture, as part of the governmental plan to anticipate the withdrawal of plant protection products in France (PARSADA)

Abstract

Modern viticulture relies on fungicides application to protect crops from severe parasitic pressures. With the progressive banning of certain chemical compounds, the risk of facing technical challenges in managing downy mildew and black rot is particularly significant. While alternatives such as biocontrol products and resistant varieties are under continuous development, they are not today able to replace fungicide. In this context, non-chemical methods targeting primary inoculum seem promising for reducing parasitic pressures and could, combined with enhanced epidemiological surveillance and biocontrol, become a rapidly deployable solutions that offer a substantial reduction of parasitic pressure. This strategy will be developed during the SAVOIR project, that mobilizes a range of expertise from academics and applied-scientists, to winegrowing professionals and winegrowers themselves. High-performance tools for tracing the inoculum of these two pathogens into soil, air, plants and residues, and the use of controlled and semi-controlled experimental set-ups will be developed to assess at their initial stage innovative prophylactic approaches, among leaves removal among others. The most mature innovations will be deployed in the field via a network of national pilot plots, with the aim of demonstrating the effectiveness of these methods both individually and at a territorial scale, enabling widespread adoption. Throughout the project, knowledge in epidemiology, enhanced surveillance systems, epidemic risk modelling, and decision-support tools will guide the integration of these new approaches into existing viticultural practices.

Un plan d’anticipation des retraits d’usage des produits phytosanitaires ambitieux porté par les pouvoirs publics

Face aux enjeux du retrait d’usage probable de spécialités commerciales à court ou moyen terme, la France a souhaité mettre en œuvre un plan d’action ambitieux d’anticipation pour éviter le retrait d’usage sans solutions alternatives. La filière viticole française (CNIV et IFV) s’est fortement impliquée dans cette action pour définir les priorités. Ainsi, face au risque de retrait d’usage des substances fongicides multisites (folpel, dithianon, cuivre) couplée à la réduction probable des solutions fongicides unisites, le mildiou et le black ont été identifiés comme les usages prioritaires. En complément, l’usage cicadelle de la flavescence dorée (une seule famille chimique autorisée) a également été identifiée comme un usage sur lesquels des actions devaient être entreprises en vue de gérer différemment ce mycoplasme. Enfin, l’usage herbicide reste une priorité au regard des récentes restrictions d’emploi du glyphosate en France. Fin 2023, un plan d’action a été élaboré par la filière viticole pour définir les pistes à explorer pour maintenir des solutions et des approches techniques innovantes pour la gestion du mildiou et du black. Ce plan d’action apporte une vision à 360° de la recherche au transfert et de l’acquisition de connaissance aux évaluations de solution à l’échelle de la parcelle et du paysage. La volonté conjointe des parties prenantes (filière et pouvoirs publics) est de travailler sur des solutions à court moyen terme mais aussi sur des perspectives à plus long terme. Ainsi, il est prévu de renforcer l’acquisition de connaissance sur le cycle sexué de ces deux maladies fongiques pour évaluer des solutions alternatives de lutte basé sur le contrôle de la phase hivernale (prophylaxie). En complément ce plan d’action ambitionne d’assurer la durabilité des variétés résistantes par le suivi des parcelles et la recherche de nouveaux gènes de résistance. Enfin, bien entendu l’évaluation de solutions alternatives (biosolutions ou méthodes physiques) seront travaillés. L’ensemble de ce travail, sera accompagné financièrement par le ministère de l’agriculture, a pour ambition de développer des travaux innovants pour s’inscrire à terme dans une nouvelle approche technique et économique. Il s’inscrit dans une volonté de coupler les leviers à l’échelle de la parcelle et du territoire. Les projets déposés par les différents acteurs de la filière seront évalués par un comité scientifique et technique co-présidé par l’INRAE et l’Acta. L’ensemble de ce plan d’anticipation des retraits (Parsada) est prévu pour une durée de 3 ans (2024-2026).

Un ambicioso plan para anticipar la retirada de productos fitosanitarios, respaldado por las autoridades públicas

Ante la probable retirada de las especialidades comerciales a corto o medio plazo, Francia ha decidido poner en marcha un ambicioso plan de acción para anticiparse y evitar la retirada sin soluciones alternativas. El sector vitivinícola francés (CNIV e IFV) ha participado intensamente en esta acción para definir las prioridades. Ante el riesgo de retirada de los fungicidas multisitio (folpel, ditianón, cobre) y la probable reducción de las soluciones fungicidas monositio, se han identificado como usos prioritarios el mildiu y la podredumbre negra. Además, el uso de saltahojas de la flavescencia dorada (una única familia química autorizada) también se identificó como un uso en el que se debería actuar para gestionar este micoplasma de forma diferente. Por último, el uso de herbicidas sigue siendo prioritario a la vista de las recientes restricciones impuestas al uso de glifosato en francia. A finales de 2023, el sector vitivinícola elaboró un plan de acción para definir las vías que deben explorarse para mantener soluciones innovadoras y enfoques técnicos para gestionar el mildiu y la podredumbre negra. Este plan de acción ofrece una visión de 360°, desde la investigación hasta la transferencia y desde la adquisición de conocimientos hasta la evaluación de soluciones a nivel de parcela y de paisaje. El deseo conjunto de las partes interesadas (industria y autoridades públicas) es trabajar en soluciones a corto y medio plazo, pero también a largo plazo. Por ejemplo, está previsto aumentar nuestros conocimientos sobre el ciclo sexual de estas dos enfermedades fúngicas con el fin de evaluar soluciones de control alternativas basadas en el seguimiento de la fase invernal (profilaxis). Además, este plan de acción pretende garantizar la sostenibilidad de las variedades resistentes mediante el seguimiento de las parcelas y la búsqueda de nuevos genes de resistencia. Finalmente, por supuesto, se trabajará en la evaluación de soluciones alternativas (biosoluciones o métodos físicos). El objetivo de todos estos trabajos, que contarán con el apoyo financiero del ministerio francés de agricultura, es desarrollar técnicas innovadoras que conduzcan en última instancia a un nuevo enfoque técnico y económico. Se trata de combinar palancas a nivel parcelario y regional. Los proyectos presentados por los distintos agentes del sector serán evaluados por un comité científico y técnico copresidido por el INRAE y la Acta.  El conjunto del plan de anticipación de la retirada de tierras (Parsada) tiene una duración prevista de 3 años (2024-2026).

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Xavier Burgun1, Benoit Laurent1, Laurent Delière2, Eric Chantelot3, François Delmotte2

1 UMT SEVEN, IFV Pôle Bordeaux Nouvelle Aquitaine, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS20032, 33882 Villenave-d’Ornon Cedex, France.
2 INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, SAVE, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave-d’Ornon.
3 IFV, Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, 7 avenue Yves Cazeaux – 30230 Rodilhan, France.

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Tags

Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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