terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 The influence of RNAi-expressing rootstocks in controlling grey mold on grapevine cultivars

The influence of RNAi-expressing rootstocks in controlling grey mold on grapevine cultivars

Abstract

Worldwide, with an average of 6.7 million cultivated hectares, of which exclusively 51% in europe (faostat, 2021), the production of table and wine grapes is a leading sector, with continued growth in europe in the area devoted to vine cultivation. During the growing season, most of the plant organs can be susceptible to several fungal and oomycete diseases, leading to important economic losses and causing detrimental effects on fruit quality. The increasingly scarce availability of fungicidal products, often also related to their relative impact on the environment, coupled with the emergence of resistance in the pathogen to these products, make defence increasingly challenging. In this perspective, the rnai-conserved mechanism can modulate target pathogen gene expression, activated by the presence of double-stranded rna molecules. Dsrnas can be constitutively expressed in grapevine plants, through genetic engineering techniques since an efficient in vitro regeneration and transformation protocol must be adapted and optimized to the genotype of interest. The generation of grapevine plants expressing hairpin gene constructs aiming at the downregulation of botrytis cinerea dicer-like genes 1 and 2 has been optimized in the model cultivar thompson seedless. Considering modern viticulture, which is based on the cultivation of grapevine cultivars grafted onto hybrid vitis rootstocks, the opportunity of having rootstocks capable of producing active long or small dsrnas targeting fungal rnas could have important implications as new defense strategies. Further experiments of trans-grafting highlighted the potentiality to use the plant expressing lines as rootstocks, opening the possibility to cultivate as a scion the elite cultivars selected.

Influenza di portinnesti rnai nel controllo della muffa grigia in varietà di vite 

A livello globale, con una coltivazione di circa 6,7 milioni di ettari, di cui il 51% esclusivamente in europa (faostat, 2021), la produzione di uva da tavola e da vino rappresenta un settore agricolo primario, che ha visto una continua crescita in europa, specialmente nelle aree vocate alla coltivazione della vite. Durante la stagione di crescita, molti organi della pianta possono essere suscettibili all’attacco di molteplici malattie fungine e da oomiceti, che portano a danni economici diretti per la mancata produzione o effetti negativi sulla qualità dei frutti. La crescente scarsità di adeguati prodotti ad azione fungicida, talvolta correlata al relativo impatto sull’ambiente e all’insorgenza di meccanismi di resistenza ai principi attivi nei patogeni, rende la lotta contro queste avversità sempre più ardua. In questa prospettiva, il meccanismo evolutivamente conservato dell’rnai può modulare l’espressione genica dei patogeni target, attivato dalla presenza di molecole di rna a doppio filamento (dsrna). I dsrna possono essere costitutivamente espressi in piante di vite, attraverso tecniche di ingegneria genetica, che richiedono un’ottimizzazione dei protocolli di rigenerazione in vitro e trasformazione adattati ai genotipi di interesse. La produzione di piante esprimenti costrutti genici a forcina atti alla sotto-espressione dei geni dicer-like 1 e 2 di botrytis cinerea è stata ottimizzata nella cultivar modello thompson seedless. Considerando che la moderna viticoltura si basa sulla coltivazione di varietà europee di vite innestate su portinnesti ibridi di vite, l’opportunità di avere portinnesti in grado di produrre lunghi o piccoli rna attivi contro rna di funghi può avere importanti implicazioni come strategia alternativa di difesa. Esperimenti di trans-grafting hanno evidenziato la potenzialità di impiegare le linee geneticamente modificate come portinnesti, aprendo la possibilità di innestare su di essi le cultivar di vite selezionate.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Luca Capriotti¹, Michela Cecchin², Barbara Molesini², Silvia Sabbadini¹, Tiziana Pandolfini², Hailing Jin³, Oriano Navacchi⁴, Gian Luca Mordenti⁵, Luca Casoli⁶, Bruno Mezzetti¹

¹ Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 10, Ancona, Italy
² University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, Italy
³ University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, United States of America
⁴ Vitroplant Italia S.r.l, Via Loreto 170, Cesena, Italy
⁵ Ampelos, Via Tebano 45, Faenza, Italy
⁶ Consorzio Fitosanitario di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Gualerzi 32, Reggio Emilia, Italy

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Vitiforestry as innovative heritage. Adaptive conservation of historical wine-growing landscapes as response to XXI century’s challenges.

Traditional agricultural and agro-pastoral systems (prior to industrial revolution) often have the characteristic of being multiple systems, in which multiple crops are hosted simultaneously on the same plot. currently research suggests to study more in depth the potential of multiple agricultural systems in order to detect those characteristics of multiple agrarian systems that could allow modern viticulture to adapt to the challenges posed by climate change: rising temperatures with impacts on the phenological cycle of the vine, resurgence of plant deseases, extreme soil washout phenomena and hail storms, among others.

Impact of winemaking practises on the formation of pinking

The pinking is a phenomenon that can occur in white wine produced with white grape causing the color change from yellow to red-salmon hue. Even if its appearance is highly variable and dependent to the vintage, the wines from certain grape varieties, such as Sauvignon blanc, Chardonnay, Riesling and Trebbiano di Lugana, have been identified to be more susceptible to the pinking.

Enological technics to enhance the aromatic qualities of white spirits 

Eugenol has been identified as a quality marker in armagnac white spirits. In particular, those produced from the Baco blanc variety, the only hybrid variety authorised in a French PDO, bred since 1898 from noah (vitis labrusca x v.riparia) and folle blanche (v. Vinifera). The varietal compound of Baco blanc, eugenol has many original properties.

Phenolic composition and physicochemical analysis of wines made with the Syrah grape under double pruning in the Brazilian high-altitude Cerrado

This study explores the growing potential of vitiviniculture in Brazil’s Federal District, an emerging wine region marked by unique climatic conditions and innovative cultivation techniques.

Big data analysis of pesticides from the vine to the winery

Of biocontrol products and resistant grape varieties, synthetic pesticides are still widely used to control fungal diseases and protect vines from potential damage caused by pests. The use of pesticides is strictly regulated, and their use can sometimes lead to transfer from the grapes to the must and then into the wine. The study of pesticide residues in grapes and wines is commonly carried out by wine producers in order, among other things, to optimize treatment routes, check that products comply with regulations, and ultimately guarantee the food safety of the wine.