terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 The influence of RNAi-expressing rootstocks in controlling grey mold on grapevine cultivars

The influence of RNAi-expressing rootstocks in controlling grey mold on grapevine cultivars

Abstract

Worldwide, with an average of 6.7 million cultivated hectares, of which exclusively 51% in europe (faostat, 2021), the production of table and wine grapes is a leading sector, with continued growth in europe in the area devoted to vine cultivation. During the growing season, most of the plant organs can be susceptible to several fungal and oomycete diseases, leading to important economic losses and causing detrimental effects on fruit quality. The increasingly scarce availability of fungicidal products, often also related to their relative impact on the environment, coupled with the emergence of resistance in the pathogen to these products, make defence increasingly challenging. In this perspective, the rnai-conserved mechanism can modulate target pathogen gene expression, activated by the presence of double-stranded rna molecules. Dsrnas can be constitutively expressed in grapevine plants, through genetic engineering techniques since an efficient in vitro regeneration and transformation protocol must be adapted and optimized to the genotype of interest. The generation of grapevine plants expressing hairpin gene constructs aiming at the downregulation of botrytis cinerea dicer-like genes 1 and 2 has been optimized in the model cultivar thompson seedless. Considering modern viticulture, which is based on the cultivation of grapevine cultivars grafted onto hybrid vitis rootstocks, the opportunity of having rootstocks capable of producing active long or small dsrnas targeting fungal rnas could have important implications as new defense strategies. Further experiments of trans-grafting highlighted the potentiality to use the plant expressing lines as rootstocks, opening the possibility to cultivate as a scion the elite cultivars selected.

Influenza di portinnesti rnai nel controllo della muffa grigia in varietà di vite 

A livello globale, con una coltivazione di circa 6,7 milioni di ettari, di cui il 51% esclusivamente in europa (faostat, 2021), la produzione di uva da tavola e da vino rappresenta un settore agricolo primario, che ha visto una continua crescita in europa, specialmente nelle aree vocate alla coltivazione della vite. Durante la stagione di crescita, molti organi della pianta possono essere suscettibili all’attacco di molteplici malattie fungine e da oomiceti, che portano a danni economici diretti per la mancata produzione o effetti negativi sulla qualità dei frutti. La crescente scarsità di adeguati prodotti ad azione fungicida, talvolta correlata al relativo impatto sull’ambiente e all’insorgenza di meccanismi di resistenza ai principi attivi nei patogeni, rende la lotta contro queste avversità sempre più ardua. In questa prospettiva, il meccanismo evolutivamente conservato dell’rnai può modulare l’espressione genica dei patogeni target, attivato dalla presenza di molecole di rna a doppio filamento (dsrna). I dsrna possono essere costitutivamente espressi in piante di vite, attraverso tecniche di ingegneria genetica, che richiedono un’ottimizzazione dei protocolli di rigenerazione in vitro e trasformazione adattati ai genotipi di interesse. La produzione di piante esprimenti costrutti genici a forcina atti alla sotto-espressione dei geni dicer-like 1 e 2 di botrytis cinerea è stata ottimizzata nella cultivar modello thompson seedless. Considerando che la moderna viticoltura si basa sulla coltivazione di varietà europee di vite innestate su portinnesti ibridi di vite, l’opportunità di avere portinnesti in grado di produrre lunghi o piccoli rna attivi contro rna di funghi può avere importanti implicazioni come strategia alternativa di difesa. Esperimenti di trans-grafting hanno evidenziato la potenzialità di impiegare le linee geneticamente modificate come portinnesti, aprendo la possibilità di innestare su di essi le cultivar di vite selezionate.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Luca Capriotti¹, Michela Cecchin², Barbara Molesini², Silvia Sabbadini¹, Tiziana Pandolfini², Hailing Jin³, Oriano Navacchi⁴, Gian Luca Mordenti⁵, Luca Casoli⁶, Bruno Mezzetti¹

¹ Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 10, Ancona, Italy
² University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, Italy
³ University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, United States of America
⁴ Vitroplant Italia S.r.l, Via Loreto 170, Cesena, Italy
⁵ Ampelos, Via Tebano 45, Faenza, Italy
⁶ Consorzio Fitosanitario di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Gualerzi 32, Reggio Emilia, Italy

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Développer des outils simples pour accompagner les viticulteurs dans leurs changements de pratiques et répondre aux enjeux du siècle à venir

French viticulture is currently facing major challenges as it enters the new century: climate change, the need to reduce inputs, societal issues, changing consumer habits, labor shortages …. Vinopôle bordeaux-aquitaine, to which the teams from the chambre d’agriculture de la gironde belong, supports winegrowers of the gironde and bergerac-duras regions in the gradual evolution of their practices.

Evaluation of the enological potential of red grapes in southern Brazil

The Campanha Gaúcha is located in the pampa biome and has unique characteristics, as it is the hottest producing region with the lowest volume of rain in Southern Brazil. Furthermore, the large extensions of flat or low-sloping areas, harsh winters and great sunshine during the ripening period, made this the second largest producer of fine wines in Brazil.

Reduce sulfur dioxide addition using a natural polymer chitosan phytate

Most oxidation reactions in wine require iron as a catalyst. The iron content of wine has decreased greatly in recent decades due to the use of low or no release cellar materials; however, in some cases it is still necessary to adopt winemaking practices to remove excess iron from wine, prevent its oxidation, and be able to reduce the addition of sulfur dioxide and other antioxidants.

Unconventional methods to delve deeper into the influence of temperature and nutrition on Chardonnay wine profiles

Temperature and yeast nutrition profoundly impact wine quality and sensory attributes by modulating yeast aroma production and release during fermentation. While temperature and nitrogen’s individual effects are well-studied, their combined influence, including nutrient type and addition timing, remains underexplored. hence, this study aimed to investigate the simultaneous effects of these factors on fermentation kinetics, aroma production and sensory profile, particularly in a Chardonnay wine production selected as a quite aromatically neutral base.

Le réseau français des partenaires de la sélection vigne : un dispositif unique au monde au service de la sauvegarde du patrimoine variétal

The French vine selection partners network is currently made up of 40 regional partners, grouped around IFV (French Institute for Vine and Wine) and INRAE (national research institute for agriculture and environment), whose missions are preservation, selection, and innovation of our varietal diversity. The originality of this device is based on a 3-level organisation: – varietal diversity preservation, with the world reference: the INRAE’s vine genetics resources centre of Vassal-Montpellier (Marseillan, France), the world’s largest ampelographic collection, which includes nearly 6 000 accessions of cultivated Vitis vinifera from 54 countries, as well as rootstocks, interspecific hybrids, wild vines (lambrusques) and wild American and Asian species.