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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Isotopes to distinguish production system in Brazilian viticulture

Isotopes to distinguish production system in Brazilian viticulture

Abstract

Environmental concerns about the impact of conventional agriculture have increased the demand for sustainable farming and reduced synthetic fertilizers, especially because unused nitrogen can lead to pollution. This study investigated the effect of organic and synthetic fertilizers on carbon and nitrogen isotopes in red and white grape cultivars to differentiate between organic, biodynamic and conventional production systems. Considering red and white cultivars, 120 grape samples were analysed, consisting of 60 organic and 60 conventional. The results showed that nitrogen values were significantly higher in organic grapes than in conventional, with no differences between red and white varieties within the same fertilization group. Additionally, no significant differences were observed between organic and biodynamic grapes. For carbon, significant differences were observed between organic and biodynamic systems compared to conventional for red grapes, while no significant differences were found for white grapes. The differences found may be attributed to the influence of nitrogen fertilization on photosynthesis and water use efficiency. The study demonstrates that nitrogen isotope composition is a valuable tool for identifying production systems. At the same time, carbon can complement nitrogen results, offering a promising approach for assessing and verifying grape cultivation practices.

Isotopi per distinguere il sistema di produzione nella viticoltura brasiliana

La viticoltura biologica integra pratiche che mirate a favorite relazioni positive tra viti, suolo e clima, con un focus sulla sostenibilità, la responsabilità sociale e la protezione ambientale. Per salvaguardare l’integrità della produzione, gli enti regolatori in tutto il mondo conducono certificazioni biologiche in conformità alle normative pertinenti. Considerando che le pratiche agricole influenzano la composizione isotopica dell’azoto, del carbonio e dell’ossigeno, lo studio si è proposto di investigare la risposta di questi isotopi nel mosto d’uva coltivato con metodi biologici, biodinamici e convenzionali al fine di distinguere tra sistemi di produzione. Questo studio è stato condotto durante la vendemmia del 2021 in 20 vigneti situati in rio grande do sul, una regione nel sud del brasile, e ha analizzato 120 campioni d’uva che includevano 60 uve biologiche (di cui 12 biodinamici) e 60 convenzionali. I campioni sono stati raccolti da tre punti diversi di ciascun vigneto con anche la valutazione di 12 succhi d’uva, sei biologici e sei convenzionali. L’analisi statistica ha rivelato differenze signicative nei valori di δ15n tra i metodi di coltivazione, distinguendo uve biologiche e convenzionali. I valori medi di δ15n per uve biologiche e convenzionali erano rispettivamente 7,46 ± 2,96 ‰ e 2,40 ± 1,08 ‰. I valori per le uve prodotte dal sistema biodinamico variavano da 7,71 a 11,21 ‰, mostrando anche differenze significative rispetto al sistema convenzionale. Allo stesso modo, anche il carbonio mostrava valori superiori per le uve biologiche (-26,00 ± 0,71 ‰) rispetto alle uve convenzionali (-27,46 ± 0,75 ‰). La relazione tra δ15n e δ13c riflletteva tre gruppi distinti, confermando la differenziazione, e mostrava anche un gruppo intermedio che indicava che il periodo di transizione dal metodo convenzionale a quello biologico, probabilmente, non era sufficiente per eliminare l’azoto sintetico dal suolo. Tuttavia, l’ossigeno non differenziva tra i sistemi di coltivazione. L’analisi del succo d’uva mostrava valori di δ15n allineati con quelli delle uve in ciascuna categoria. Sulla base dei resultati, gli isotopi di azoto e carbonio mostrano un significativo potenziale per determinare i sistemi di produzione dell’uva, rappresentando uno strumento promettente per il controllo dell’authenticità, la protezione dei consumatori, l’aggiunta di valore ai prodotti biologici e il migliogamento del controllo della certificazione biologica.

Isótopos para distinguir el sistema de producción en la viticultura brasileña

La viticultura orgánica integra prácticas a fomentar relaciones positivas entre vides, suelo y clima, con enfoque en la sostenibilidad, responsabilidad social y protección ambiental. Para proteger la integridad de la producción, los organismos reguladores en todo el mundo llevan a cabo certificaciones orgánicas de acuerdo con las regulaciones pertinentes. Considerando que las prácticas agrícolas influyen en la composición isotópica de nitrógeno, carbono y oxígeno, el estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la respuesta de estos isótopos en mostos de uva cultivados por sistemas orgánicos, biodinámicos y convencionales para diferenciar entre los sistemas de producción. Este estudio se realizó durante la cosecha de 2021 en 20 viñedos ubicados en rio grande do sul, una región del sur de brasil, y analizó 120 muestras de uva, que incluyeron 60 orgánicas (12 de las cuales biodinámicas) y 60 convencionales. Las muestras se recolectaron en tres puntos distintos en cada viñedo con evaluación también de 12 jugos de uva, seis orgánicos y seis convencionales. El análisis estadístico reveló diferencias significativas en los valores de δ15n entre los métodos de cultivo, distinguiendo las uvas orgánicas y convencionales. Los valores medios de δ15n para las uvas orgánicas y convencionales fueron de 7,46 ± 2,96 ‰ y 2,40 ± 1,08 ‰, respectivamente. Los valores para las uvas producidas por el sistema biodinámico oscilaron entre 7,71 y 11,21 ‰, mostrando diferencias significativas en comparación con el sistema convencional. Del mismo modo, el carbono también mostró valores de δ13c superiores para las uvas orgánicas (-26,00 ± 0,71 ‰) en relación con las uvas convencionales (-27,46 ± 0,75 ‰). La relación entre δ15n y δ13c reflejó dos grupos distintos, confirmando la diferenciación, y también presentó un grupo intermedio señalando que el periodo de transición entre orgánico y convencional probablemente no fue suficiente para eliminar el nitrógeno sintético del suelo. Sin embargo, el oxígeno no diferenció los sistemas de cultivo. En el análisis de jugo de uva, los valores de δ15n se alinearon con los de las uvas en cada categoría. Basándose en los hallazgos, el nitrógeno y el carbono presentan un potencial significativo para determinar el sistema de cultivo de la uva. Esto se convierte en una herramienta prometedora para el control de la autenticidad, la protección de los consumidores, la adición de valor a los productos orgánicos y la mejora del control de la certificación orgánica.

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Letícia Leonardelli¹, Susiane Leonardelli², Joséli Schwambach¹

¹ Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
² Laboratório de Referência Enológica Evanir da Silva, Avenida da Vindima, 1855, Caxias do Sul, Brazil

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Tags

Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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