terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Oenology, methods of analysis 9 Exploring the impact of yeast derivatives on aromatic and sensory profiles of white and red wines: a multifactorial analysis

Exploring the impact of yeast derivatives on aromatic and sensory profiles of white and red wines: a multifactorial analysis

Abstract

Specific inactivated yeast derivatives (SYDS) are obtained from s. Cerevisiae yeasts by various processes (thermal, mechanical, and enzymatic) and have diverse oenological applications to improve wine quality. However, different impacts on wine sensory and aromas were reported, depending on SYDS types and fractions, wine matrices, and experimental settings. Few works have examined the impact of SYDS on aromas considering also those on wine macromolecules influencing organoleptic properties. This work aimed to implement a multifactorial approach to study the impact of different SYDS on the aromatic composition and the sensory profile of one white and red wine at a pilot scale. Concomitant analysis of wine characteristics including oenological properties, polyphenolic and polysaccharidic compositions were performed. Wines were treated with various s. Cerevisiae SYDS provided by lallemand at oenological dosage. Olfactive and gustative properties impacts were studied with a sensory panel of trained judges by monadic profiling. The volatile profile of wines was determined by hs-spme-gc-ms, polysaccharides content by gc-fid following hydrolysis and derivatization, and polyphenols content and profiles by uv-visible spectrophotometry and size exclusion chromatography. Yeast derivatives and wine matrix effects were observed on volatile compounds variation in treated wines compared to control wine for all chemical classes. Results from the chemical analysis showed that the release of aroma compounds in the headspace varied according to SYDS used.  This effect is accentuated in the white wine, thus highlighting the matrix effect. Correlations between significant aroma variations in the headspace and their polarity, hydrophobicity, chemical structure (number of unsaturations), and vapor pressure were found. Sensorial and principal component analysis (pca) allowed the separation of the different modalities of wines treated by sensory attributes they modulate, such as red and black fruit and citrus and aromatic complexity. In addition to improving the understanding of the interaction phenomena between SYDS and aroma compounds in wine, these results may also help anticipate the sensory and aromatic impact of their use in oenological applications.

Exploración del impacto de los derivados de levadura en los perfiles aromáticos y sensoriales de vinos blancos y tintos: un análisis multifactorial

Los derivados de levadura inactivados (SYDS) específicos se obtienen a partir de levaduras s. Cerevisiae mediante diversos procesos (térmicos, mecánicos y enzimáticos) y tienen diversas aplicaciones enológicas para mejorar la calidad del vino. Sin embargo, se han descrito diferentes efectos sobre los aromas y las propiedades sensoriales del vino, en función de los tipos y fracciones de syd, las matrices del vino y los parámetros experimentales. Pocos trabajos han examinado el impacto de los SYDS sobre los aromas considerando también aquellos sobre las macromoléculas del vino que influyen en las propiedades organolépticas. El objetivo de este trabajo era aplicar un enfoque multifactorial para estudiar el impacto de diferentes syd en la composición aromática y el perfil sensorial de un vino blanco y tinto a escala piloto. Se realizaron análisis concomitantes de las características de los vinos, incluidas las propiedades enológicas y las composiciones polifenólica y polisacárida. Los vinos se trataron con diversos syd de s. Cerevisiae proporcionados por lallemand en dosis enológicas. Los impactos de las propiedades olfativas y gustativas se estudiaron con un panel sensorial de jueces entrenados mediante perfiles monádicos. El perfil volátil de los vinos se determinó mediante hs-spme-gc-ms, el contenido de polisacáridos mediante gc-fid tras hidrólisis y derivatización, y el contenido y los perfiles de polifenoles mediante espectrofotometría uv-visible y cromatografía de exclusión por tamaño.  Se observaron efectos de los derivados de la levadura y de la matriz del vino sobre la variación de los compuestos volátiles en los vinos tratados en comparación con el vino de control para todas las clases químicas. Los resultados del análisis químico mostraron que la liberación de compuestos aromáticos en el espacio de cabeza variaba en función de los syd utilizados.  Este efecto se acentúa en el vino blanco, poniendo así de manifiesto el efecto matriz. Se encontraron correlaciones entre las variaciones significativas de aroma en el espacio de cabeza y su polaridad, hidrofobicidad, estructura química (número de insaturaciones) y presión de vapor. El análisis sensorial y de componentes principales (pca) permitió separar las distintas modalidades de vinos tratados por atributos sensoriales que modulan, como la fruta roja y negra y los cítricos y la complejidad aromática. Además de mejorar la comprensión de los fenómenos de interacción entre los syd y los compuestos aromáticos en el vino, estos resultados también pueden ayudar a anticipar el impacto sensorial y aromático de su uso en aplicaciones enológicas.

Exploration de l’impact des dérivés de levure sur les profils aromatiques et sensoriels des vins blancs et rouges : une analyse multifactorielle

Des dérivés de levure inactivés spécifiques (SYD) sont obtenus à partir de levures s. Cerevisiae par divers procédés (thermiques, mécaniques et enzymatiques) et ont diverses applications œnologiques pour améliorer la qualité du vin. Cependant, des impacts différents sur la sensorialité et les arômes du vin ont été rapportés, en fonction des types et des fractions de cjs, des matrices du vin et des paramètres expérimentaux. Peu de travaux ont examiné l’impact des cjs sur les arômes en tenant compte également des macromolécules du vin qui influencent les propriétés organoleptiques. Ce travail visait à mettre en œuvre une approche multifactorielle pour étudier l’impact de différents SYD sur la composition aromatique et le profil sensoriel d’un vin blanc et d’un vin rouge à l’échelle pilote. Une analyse concomitante des caractéristiques du vin, y compris les propriétés œnologiques et les compositions polyphénoliques et polysaccharidiques, a été réalisée. Les vins ont été traités avec différents SYD de s. Cerevisiae fournis par lallemand à des doses œnologiques. L’impact des propriétés olfactives et gustatives a été étudié par un panel sensoriel de juges entraînés par profilage monadique. Le profil volatil des vins a été déterminé par hs-spme-gc-ms, le contenu en polysaccharides par gc-fid après hydrolyse et dérivatisation, et le contenu et les profils en polyphénols par spectrophotométrie uv-visible et chromatographie d’exclusion de taille. Les effets des dérivés de levure et de la matrice du vin ont été observés sur la variation des composés volatils dans les vins traités par rapport au vin témoin pour toutes les classes chimiques. Les résultats de l’analyse chimique ont montré que la libération des composés aromatiques dans l’espace de tête variait en fonction des SYD utilisés.  Cet effet est accentué dans le vin blanc, mettant ainsi en évidence l’effet de matrice. Des corrélations entre les variations aromatiques significatives dans l’espace de tête et leur polarité, hydrophobie, structure chimique (nombre d’insaturations) et pression de vapeur ont été trouvées. L’analyse sensorielle et l’analyse en composantes principales (acp) ont permis de séparer les différentes modalités des vins traités par les attributs sensoriels qu’ils modulent, tels que les fruits rouges et noirs, les agrumes et la complexité aromatique. En plus d’améliorer la compréhension des phénomènes d’interaction entre les SYD et les composés aromatiques dans le vin, ces résultats peuvent également aider à anticiper l’impact sensoriel et aromatique de leur utilisation dans les applications œnologiques.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Laurie Favières¹, Thierry Doco¹, Céline Poncet-Legrand¹, Aude Vernhet¹, Teddy Godet¹, Valérie Nolleau¹, Stéphanie Roi¹, Stéphanie Carillo¹, Nathalie Sieczkowski², Julie Mekoue², Peggy Rigou¹

¹ INRAE, Institut Agro – 2 Place Pierre Viala, Montpellier, France
² Lallemand SAS – 19 Rue des Briquetiers, Blagnac, France

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Oenological potential of wines and agronomical characterisation of grapes from five white resistant Italian varieties at Serra Gaúcha, Southern Brazil

Rio grande do sul is the main grape producing state in Brazil, with the largest wine-growing area, responsible by 90% of the national production of wines and grape juices. Serra Gaúcha is the main vitivinicultural region, where around 15% of the area is destined to produce wines from vitis vinifera L. grapes. This region presents high rainfall during the grape maturation cycle, a factor that leads to great risk of attacks by fungal pathogens. the use of resistant varieties can reduce the cost and quantity of spraying, improving wine quality, focusing on a sustainable vitiviniculture.

Plastid genomics of Vitis vinifera L. for understanding the molecular basis of  grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) domestication

The precise molecular mechanisms underlying the domestication of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Are still not fully understood. In the recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) of plastid genomes has emerged as a powerful and increasingly effective tool for plant phylogenetics and evolution. To uncover the biological profile of the grapevine domestication process comprehensively, an investigation should encompass both the cultivated varieties (V. vinifera subsp. Vinifera) and their wild ancestors V. vinifera subsp. Sylvestris) across all potential sites of their distribution and domestication.

Shading nets for the adaptation to climate change: effect on vine physiology and grape quality 

Viticulture is threatened by the environmental modification caused by climate change. Higher temperatures determine an acceleration of the ripening process, which can be detrimental to wine quality. In the mediterranean area, heat waves are also increasingly frequent, with consequent blocking of the vegetative activity of the vines and increased susceptibility to sunburn damage. thus, adaptation strategies are necessary to reduce stress and improve the quality of grape production. Amongst the various techniques available, shading nets represent an interesting alternative for their effects on canopy microclimate (i.e., reduction of photosynthetic activity, improvement of water use efficiency, and slowing down in the ripening process).

Are all red wines equals regarding their vulnerability to Brettanomyces bruxellensis ?

Odours deemed harmful by the consumer and described as “stable”, “horse sweat” or “burnt plastic” can be found in wines. The responsible molecules are volatile phenols, produced by a spoilage yeast: brettanomyces bruxellensis. This species is particularly well adapted to the wine environment and can resists many stresses such as a high alcohol level, a low ph or high levels of SO2, more or less efficiently depending on the strain considered.

Training rats to drink red wine: effects of different drinking approaches on drinking/feeding habits, weight gain and survival from myocardial infarction

The habit of regular, moderate wine consumption, particularly with meals, is associated with protective effects from coronary heart disease. Epidemiological studies looking at myocardial protection/recovery focus mainly on the effects of red wine due to its high content in antioxidants, especially polyphenols. In several previous studies, conducted in our laboratory, we have concentrated on the effects of moderate consumption of white wine, by experimental animals (rats), gaining a significant experience in technical and procedural challenges. The scientific literature, and our past experience, suggests that rats are resilient towards consumption of full bodied, barrique red wines.