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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Safety and health 9 Overview on wine and health 32 years after the French paradox 

Overview on wine and health 32 years after the French paradox 

Abstract

Phenolic compounds or polyphenols are the most abundant and ubiquitous secondary metabolites present in the plant kingdom with more than 8000 phenolic structures currently known. These compounds play an important role in plant growth and reproduction, providing protection against biotic and abiotic stress such as pathogen and insect attack, UV radiation and wounding. (poly)phenols are widely distributed in the human diet mainly in plant-derived food and beverages (fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, spices, tea and red wine). Actually, phenolic compounds from grapes and wines are known to have some health benefits such as a chemopreventive role toward cardiovascular, cancer, and degenerative diseases. For instance, polyphenolic compounds in grapes are known to lower oxidative stress, to modulate the inflammatory cascade, to reduce the oxidation of LDL-c and to induce protection against atherothrombotic episodes including myocardial ischemia and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Most of these health effects have been ascribed to polyphenolic compounds serving as reducing agents in many biological systems by donating hydrogen, quenching singlet oxygen, acting as chelators and by trapping free radicals. Moreover, these antioxidant activities help to limit oxidation of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, which may initiate degenerative diseases such as cancer, heart disease, dermal disorders and aging. Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between the consumption of polyphenols enriched diet and reduced risks of cardio vascular diseases (CVDS). The potential mechanisms of preventing CVDS and other chronic diseases could be related to the antioxidant activity.

Panorama sur le vin et la santé 32 ans après le French paradox

Les composés phénoliques ou polyphénols sont les métabolites secondaires les plus abondants et les plus omniprésents présents dans le règne végétal avec plus de 8 000 structures phénoliques actuellement connues. Ces composés jouent un rôle important dans la croissance et la reproduction des plantes, en assurant une protection contre les stress biotiques et abiotiques tels que les attaques d’agents pathogènes et d’insectes, les rayons uv et les blessures. Les (poly)phénols sont largement distribués dans l’alimentation humaine, principalement dans les aliments et boissons d’origine végétale (fruits, légumes, noix, graines, herbes, épices, thé et vin rouge). En fait, les composés phénoliques du raisin et du vin sont connus pour avoir certains avantages pour la santé, tels qu’un rôle chimiopréventif contre les maladies cardiue le cancer, les maladies cardiaques, les troubles cutanés et le vieillissement. Des études épidémiologiques ont montré une corrélation inverse entre la consommation d’un régime enrichi en polyphénols et la réduction des risques de maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV). Les mécanismes potentiels de prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires et d’autres maladies chroniques pourraient être liés à l’activité antioxydante.ovasculaires, le cancer et les maladies dégénératives. Par exemple, les composés polyphénoliques présents dans le raisin sont connus pour réduire le stress oxydatif, moduler la cascade inflammatoire, réduire l’oxydation du ldl-c et induire une protection contre les épisodes athérothrombotiques, notamment l’ischémie myocardique et l’inhibition de l’agrégation plaquettaire. La plupart de ces effets sur la santé ont été attribués aux composés polyphénoliques agissant comme agents réducteurs dans de nombreux systèmes biologiques en donnant de l’hydrogène, en éteignant l’oxygène singulet, en agissant comme chélateurs et en piégeant les radicaux libres. De plus, ces activités antioxydantes contribuent à limiter l’oxydation des acides nucléiques, des protéines et des lipides, qui peuvent déclencher des maladies dégénératives telles que le cancer, les maladies cardiaques, les troubles dermiques et le vieillissement. Les études épidémiologiques ont montré une corrélation inverse entre la consommation d’un régime alimentaire enrichi en polyphénols et la réduction des risques de maladies cardio-vasculaires (MCV). Les mécanismes potentiels de prévention des MCV et d’autres maladies chroniques pourraient être liés à l’activité antioxydante.

Panorama sobre el vino y la salud 32 años después de la paradoja francesa

Los compuestos fenólicos o polifenoles son los metabolitos secundarios más abundantes y ubicuos presentes en el reino vegetal con más de 8000 estructuras fenólicas conocidas actualmente. Estos compuestos desempeñan un papel importante en el crecimiento y la reproducción de las plantas, proporcionando protección contra el estrés biótico y abiótico, como el ataque de patógenos e insectos, la radiación ultravioleta y las heridas. Los (poli)fenoles se distribuyen ampliamente en la dieta humana, principalmente en alimentos y bebidas de origen vegetal (frutas, verduras, frutos secos, semillas, hierbas, especias, té y vino tinto). De hecho, se sabe que los compuestos fenólicos de las uvas y los vinos tienen algunos beneficios para la salud, como un papel quimiopreventivo contra enfermedades cardiovasculares, cáncer y degenerativas. Por ejemplo, se sabe que los compuestos polifenólicos de las uvas reducen el estrés oxidativo, modulan la cascada inflamatoria, reducen la oxidación del c-LDL e inducen protección contra episodios aterotrombóticos, incluida la isquemia miocárdica y la inhibición de la agregación plaquetaria. La mayoría de estos efectos sobre la salud se han atribuido a compuestos polifenólicos que actúan como agentes reductores en muchos sistemas biológicos al donar hidrógeno, apagar el oxígeno singlete, actuar como quelantes y atrapar radicales libres. Además, estas actividades antioxidantes ayudan a limitar la oxidación de ácidos nucleicos, proteínas y lípidos, que pueden iniciar enfermedades degenerativas como el cáncer, las enfermedades cardíacas, los trastornos dérmicos y el envejecimiento. Los estudios epidemiológicos han demostrado una correlación inversa entre el consumo de una dieta enriquecida con polifenoles y la reducción del riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). Los mecanismos potenciales de prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares y otras enfermedades crónicas podrían estar relacionados con la actividad antioxidante.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Pierre-Louis Teissedre¹

¹ Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR 1366 Œnologie INRA, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, Villenave d’Ornon, France

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

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