terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis: driving regeneration forces behind grapevine genetic transformation

Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis: driving regeneration forces behind grapevine genetic transformation

Abstract

Cell pluripotency, enables the possibility to change the cellular fate, stimulating the reorganization and the formation of new vegetative structures from differentiated somatic tissues. Although several factors are implicated in determining the success of a breeding program through the use of modern biotechnological techniques, the definition of a specific regeneration strategy is fundamental to speed up and make these applications feasible. Different plant growth regulators are available to exploit cell plasticity, arousing the production of somatic embryo-related structures or adventitious meristems which will subsequently regenerate their root system. Despite most of the scientific literature on vitis spp. In this matter having been mainly oriented on the somatic embryogenesis regeneration pathway, the provision of newly juvenile tissues could become a suitable starting explant for the adventitious shoot regeneration.  Vitis vinifera wine and grapes cultivars as well as vitis hybrid genotypes used as rootstock have been studied regarding their regeneration potential previous and after the agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Adventitious shoot regeneration from cotyledons and hypocotyls obtained from somatic embryos, led to the obtainment and selection of several transformed lines, expressing the nptii (neomycin phosphotransferase ii) and the egfp (enhanced green fluorescent protein), opening a supplementary opportunity to foster the transformed cell regeneration competence.

Embriogenesi somatica e organogenesi: processi di rigenerazione essenziali per la trasformazione genetica in vite

La pluripotenza cellulare consente di cambiare il destino cellulare, stimolando la riorganizzazione e la formazione di nuove strutture vegetative a partire da tessuti somatici già differenziati. Sebbene molti fattori siano coinvolti nella determinazione del successo di un programma di miglioramento genetico basato sull’impiego di moderne tecniche biotecnologiche, la definizione di una specifica strategia di rigenerazione in vitro è fondamentale nella velocizzazione e nel rendere tali applicazioni biotecnologiche attuabili. Differenti sostanze ormonali sono disponibili per sfruttare la plasticità cellulare, stimolando la produzione di embrioni somatici o meristemi avventizi che successivamente rigenereranno il loro apparato radicale. Nonostante la letteratura scientifica in materia di rigenerazione in vitro di vitis spp, sia prevalentemente orientata nel sistema di rigenerazione per embriogenesi somatica, la disponibilità di nuovi tessuti giovanili può essere un’efficace risorsa da impiegare come espianto iniziale per la rigenerazione avventizia di germogli. Varietà di uva da vino e da tavola, nonché genotipi ibridi di vitis, generalmente usati come portinnesti sono stati studiati per la loro potenzialità di rigenerazione prima e dopo la trasformazione genetica mediata da agrobacterium. La rigenerazione avventizia di germogli da cotiledoni e ipocotili, ottenuti da embrioni somatici, ha portato alla selezione di alcune linee geneticamente trasformate, esprimenti il gene nptii (neomyicin phosphotransferase ii) e il gene egfp (enhanced-green fluorescent protein), aprendo la possibilità di favorire la competenza alla rigenerazione delle cellule trasformate.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Luca Capriotti¹, Silvia Sabbadini¹, Angela Ricci¹, Irene Piunti¹, Victoria Sùnico Sanchez¹, Patrizio De Angelis¹, Oriano Navacchi², Bruno Mezzetti¹

¹ Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 10, Ancona, Italy
² Vitroplant Italia S.R.L, Via Loreto, 170, Cesena, Italy

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 2H(D)-qNMR in the study of deuterium distribution in intracellular water and fermentation products of grape carbohydrates using ethyl alcohol as an example

The paper presents results that develop the results of studies carried out in 2022-2023 under the OIV grant on the topic of distribution of deuterium (2H(D)) in the intracellular water of grapes and wines, taking into account the impact of natural, climatic and technogenic factors using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR).

Longevity and moderate wine consumption – can guidelines provide practical advice?

Conflicting messages about the consumption of alcoholic beverages – including wine – continue to dominate the media, causing increasing uncertainty among consumers and health professionals.

Bioprotection en phase pré-fermentaire, synthèse de 3 ans d’expérimentations dans différentes régions viticoles

With growing consumer interest in products without chemical additives, limiting the use of sulfites is a priority for the wine industry. Bioprotection is a biological alternative that avoids or reduces the risks of alterations that have a negative impact on the organoleptic quality of wines and, ultimately, on their acceptability to consumers. bioprotection can also provide a response to the risks of microbiological deviations, which are increased both by climate change and by the organization of harvesting operations, which increasingly include the use of multi-bins filled at the vine, exposing the harvest to sometimes high temperatures for longer periods of time.

Holistic characterization of Sangiovese clones 

Sangiovese is one of Italy’s most cultivated grape varieties, and currently, over 130 different clones are registered in the national register of grape varieties. However, despite the sangiovese genome having been re-sequenced, limited molecular and genomic information is still available for this cultivar. The present study investigates the complexity of genotype-environment interactions of ten different Sangiovese clones, cultivated in the Chianti Rufina DOCG district over five consecutive vintages (2016-2020).

Role of PH and its management during vinification on the extraction during maceration and on the evolution during ageing of the phenolic compounda of red wine

Climatic changes cause significant variations in the composition of grapes. for red grapes, a mismatch between phenolic and technological ripening is often observed. There is also often a marked increase in pH and a reduction in fixed acids, which affect the stability and evolution of the wine during ageing. These experiments will provide more information on the role of pH during the winemaking of red wines on the extraction and evolution of phenolic compounds.