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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Economy and law 9 Transforming the grapevine world through new breeding techniques

Transforming the grapevine world through new breeding techniques

Abstract

Climate change and environmental degradation are existential threats to europe and the world. One of the most important objectives is to reduce by 2030 the use and the risk of chemical pesticides and fertilisers, reducing nutrient losses and increasing organic farming.    Grapevine (vitis spp.) Is one of the major and most economically important fruit crops worldwide. It is characterised by high levels of genetic diversity, as result of natural genetic mutations, which are common in grapevines and further assisted by ongoing vegetative propagation. To achieve the objectives of the european green deal, one of the prerequisites for the development of environmentally friendly, profitable, and competitive viticulture is the creation and introduction of varieties resilient to the main pathogens and having competitive quality at the same time, starting from the unexplored grapevine biodiversity and the exploitation of new breeding opportunities. The management requires multiple approaches in which the available genetic resources and new genetic improvement programs must be put at the service of integrated pest management (ipm) strategies. Among them, the adoption by grape growers of tolerant genotypes in viticulture is gaining importance. This paper analyzes drivers and barriers to grape growers’ intention to adopt new breeding techniques (nbt) in viticulture. The research approach is based on in-depth interviews collecting qualitative information and eliciting grape growers’ beliefs towards nbt, in order to identify drivers and barriers in their adoption. The interviews were administered to participants from six european countries (Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, Greece and Hungary). The outcome provides information on what stakeholders think about biotechnology applied to grapevine. Furthermore, the study elicits opinions about genome modification (gmo) applied to grapevine. Focusing on the development of nbt, as a way of implementing sustainable responses to pathogen crisis and water stress by improving the varieties used to produce wines, maintaining their original sensory characteristics. Together with information on awareness concerning nbt, the study identifies familiarity of the interviewees with the main differences between gmo and these techniques. Following this, information is gathered on the willingness to introduce and reveal their views on the main barriers and benefits in introducing plants resulting from these nbt in their cultivation/production. Finally, the leverages to encourage farmers to introducing improved varieties are explored.

Transformando el mundo de la vid a través de nuevas técnicas de mejora

El cambio climático y la degradación ambiental son amenazas existenciales para europa y el mundo. Uno de los objetivos más importantes es reducir de aquí a 2030 el uso y el riesgo de pesticidas y fertilizantes químicos, reduciendo las pérdidas de nutrientes y aumentando la agricultura ecológica. La vid (vitis spp.) Es uno de los cultivos frutales más importantes y de mayor importancia económica a nivel mundial. Se caracteriza por altos niveles de diversidad genética, como resultado de mutaciones genéticas naturales, comunes en las vides y favorecidas por la propagación vegetativa en curso. Para alcanzar los objetivos del green deal europeo, uno de los requisitos previos para el desarrollo de una viticultura respetuosa con el medio ambiente, rentable y competitiva es la creación e introducción de variedades resistentes a los principales patógenos y que al mismo tiempo tengan una calidad competitiva, a partir de la biodiversidad vitivinícola inexplorada y la explotación de nuevas oportunidades de mejora. El manejo requiere múltiples enfoques en los que los recursos genéticos disponibles y los nuevos programas de mejora genética deben ponerse al servicio de estrategias de manejo integrado de plagas (integrated pest management, “ipm”). Entre ellos, está ganando importancia la adopción por parte de los viticultores de genotipos tolerantes. Este artículo analiza los factores que facilitan y las barreras a la intención de los productores de uva de adoptar nuevas técnicas de mejora (new breeding techniques, “nbt”) en la viticultura. El enfoque de nuestra investigación se basa en entrevistas que recopilan información cualitativa sobre las opiniones de los productores de uva hacia nbt, para identificar los impulsores y barreras que influyen en su adopción. Las entrevistas se realizaron a participantes de seis países europeos (Italia, Francia, España, Portugal, Grecia y Hungría). El resultado informa de lo que piensan los encuestados sobre la biotecnología aplicada a la vid. Además, el estudio obtiene opiniones sobre la modificación del genoma (ogm) aplicada a la vid. Nos centramos en el desarrollo de nbt, para implementar respuestas sostenibles a la crisis de patógenos y al estrés hídrico mejorando las variedades utilizadas para producir vinos, manteniendo sus características sensoriales originales. Junto con información sobre la concienciación sobre nbt, el estudio identifica la familiaridad de los entrevistados con las principales diferencias entre los ogm y estas técnicas. A continuación, se recopila información sobre la disposición de introducir y revelar sus puntos de vista sobre las principales barreras y beneficios de introducir plantas resultantes de estas nbt en su cultivo/producción. Finalmente, se exploran las iniciativas para alentar a los agricultores a introducir variedades mejoradas.

Trasformare il mondo della vite attraverso nuove tecnologie di evoluzione assistita 

Il cambiamento climatico e il degrado ambientale rappresentano minacce esistenziali, e uno degli obiettivi più importanti a livello europeo è quello di ridurre entro il 2030 l’uso e il rischio di pesticidi e fertilizzanti chimici, riducendo le perdite a livello di nutrienti e aumentando l’agricoltura biologica. La vite da vino è una delle principali e più importanti colture frutticole a livello mondiale. E caratterizzata da alti livelli di diversità genetica, derivanti da mutazioni genetiche naturali, comuni nella vite e ulteriormente favorite dalla continua propagazione vegetativa. Per raggiungere gli obiettivi del green deal europeo, uno dei prerequisiti per lo sviluppo di una viticoltura ecocompatibile, redditizia e competitiva è la creazione e l’introduzione di varietà resistenti ai principali patogeni e allo stesso tempo competitive a livello qualitativo, partendo da biodiversità viticole inesplorate e dallo sfruttamento di nuove tecnologie di evoluzione assistita. La gestione richiede approcci multipli in cui le risorse genetiche disponibili e i nuovi programmi di miglioramento genetico devono essere messi al servizio di strategie di gestione integrata dei parassiti (ipm). Tra queste, l’adozione da parte dei viticoltori di genotipi tolleranti in viticoltura sta acquisendo importanza. Il presente lavoro analizza i fattori che spingono e ostacolano l’intenzione dei viticoltori di adottare piante derivanti da new breeding techniques (nbt) in viticoltura. L’approccio della ricerca si basa su interviste in profondità che raccolgono informazioni qualitative e stimolano le opinioni dei viticoltori e dei produttori nei confronti delle nbt, al fine di identificare i fattori che ne favoriscono e ostacolano l’adozione. Con questo scopo, viticoltori, produttori e testimoni privilegiati sono stati intervistati in sei paesi europei (Italia, Francia, Spagna, Portogallo, Grecia e Ungheria). I risultati della ricerca forniscono informazioni su ciò che le parti interessate pensano delle biotecnologie applicate alla vitivinicoltura. Inoltre, lo studio raccoglie opinioni riguardanti la modificazione genetica (ogm) applicata alla vite da vino e lo sviluppo di nbt per attuare risposte sostenibili ai problemi legati a patogeni e stress idrico, migliorando le varietà utilizzate per produrre vini, e allo stesso tempo mantenendo le loro caratteristiche sensoriali originali. Insieme alle informazioni sulla consapevolezza riguardo le nbt, lo studio identifica la familiarità degli intervistati con le principali differenze tra ogm e queste nuove tecniche. In seguito, si analizzano la disponibilità a introdurre nbt e i principali ostacoli e benefici legati all’introduzione di piante derivanti da nbt. Infine, vengono esplorate le leve per incoraggiare gli agricoltori a introdurre queste nuove tecnologie in viticoltura.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Lara Agnoli¹, Nikos Georgantzis¹, Effrosyni Vasileiou¹, Federica De Maria², Luca Nerva², Walter Chitarra², Giorgio Gambino³, Leonor Ruiz-García⁴, Diego J. Fernández-López⁴, Cristina M. Menéndez⁵, María Pilar Sáenz-Navajas⁵

¹ Ceren EA7477, Burgundy School of Business – France
² Council of Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) – Italy
³ Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR-IPSP) – Italy
⁴ Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA) – Spain
⁵ Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (ICVV) – Spain

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Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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