Terroir 2010 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 La haie bocagère comme critère de zonage à l’échelle parcellaire

La haie bocagère comme critère de zonage à l’échelle parcellaire

Abstract

Dans les AOC Française, la zone de production de la matière première peut faire l’objet d’une délimitation parcellaire basée sur des critères de milieu physique et d’usage D’autre part de nombreux zonages environnementaux se développent et les AOC sont appelées à intégrer des dispositions relatives à ces préoccupations. Les haies, à travers leurs effets sur les modifications locales du climat régional et sur la biodiversité fonctionnelle, peuvent impacter le fonctionnement de la vigne et des vergers. C’est à ce titre que leur prise en compte comme critère de délimitation est envisagé.
L’examen des effets de la haie sur le climat parcellaire montre qu’au sein d’une parcelle bocagère, on assiste globalement à une réduction de la vitesse du vent et du pouvoir évaporant de l’air, à une augmentation de la température moyenne, de l’amplitude thermique journalière par élévation des températures diurnes et diminution températures nocturnes et à un risque accru des gelées printanières.
Le rôle de la haie sur la biodiversité fonctionnelle est décrit à travers une liste d’auxiliaires entomophages et pollinisateurs auxquels elle fournie des abris pour l’hivernage et la reproduction ainsi que des ressources vitales grâce aux proies et aux fleurs qu’elle abrite en dehors des périodes végétatives de la vigne ou du verger, comme par exemple le pollen et nectar offerts aux espèces dont seules les larves sont zoophages.
Un exemple d’intégration de la présence des haies dans la méthode de zonage des terroirs viticoles développé par l’Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) d’Angers est cité ainsi qu’une première application à la délimitation parcellaire d’une AOC cidricole de l’ouest de la France. Mais la perspective de l’élargissement du recours à présence de haies dans les opérations de zonage nécessitera de nombreux travaux préalables. Par exemple, les distances aux haies et leur hauteur devront être précisées en fonction des caractéristiques climatiques locales et par rapport aux distances parcourables par les auxiliaires recherchés. De manière générale, si la haie fait son entrée dans le zonage des terroirs, elle sera plutôt intégrée comme un principe de délimitation dont découleront des critères spécifiques en fonction des situations.

English version: In french AOC, basic products can be localized on a field basis according to natural and human criteria. Besides, many environmental zoning are developped. Thus AOC must nowadays take this concern into account. This paper deals with edges as a new zoning criterium. Edges have two main impacts on vine and orchard productions: that is local climate and functionnal biodiversity changes.
Climatic changes mainly rely on wind speed and evaporation decrease and an increase in temperature, temperature range and risk of spring frost. Edges impacts on functionnal biodiversity are largely described through a list of entomophages and pollinisators that benefit from winter and reprodcution shelter and food reserve. Preys and flowers may develop in edges even when the crop not in vegetative stage yet. Pollen and nectar feed adults insects whose larvae is zoophagus. This paper also relates two french experience of edges integration in the terroir definition: one for vine in the Loire Valley and one ifor cider in the west of France.
Further work will be needed to enlarge AOC zoning with this environmental criterium such as the distance between edge and crop, local climatic change characteristics, specific auxilliary insects and vegetative species etc.

DOI:

Publication date: October 6, 2020

Issue: Terroir 2010

Type: Article

Authors

Alain Jacquet

Institut National de l’Origine et de la Qualité (INAO) 6, rue Fresnel – 14000 Caen – France

Contact the author

Keywords

Edge – Local climate – Auxillaries – Zoning

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2010

Citation

Related articles…

Valorization of wine lees for oenological interest by eco-responsible processes

Wine lees are the second most important wine by-product in terms of quantity after grape stalk and marc. During aging on lees, it is well known that wine lees yield compounds that act as antioxydant. However the chemical nature of the compounds involved in this behavior (except polyphenols and glutathione) has not yet been totally elucidated. The scarce knowledge of wine lees composition and their potential exploitation make them a promising candidate to obtain new antioxidant products to be used in winemaking. In this study, an eco-sustainable approach to obtain lees extracts exhibiting antioxidant capacity is proposed. Such extracts could be used in a global enological strategy of sulfites level reduction.

Revisiting the effect of subsurface irrigation and partial rootzone drying on canopy size and yield of Cabernet Sauvignon using remote sensing techniques

Irrigation is an essential tool for grape production, especially where rainfall does not meet the optimal water requirements needed to achieve yield and quality targets. Increased evaporative demand of grapevines due to changing climate conditions, and a growing awareness for sustainable farming, require the improvement of irrigation techniques to maximize water use efficiency, i.e. using less water to achieve the same yields or the same water but larger yields. In this study, the performance of Cabernet Sauvignon vines was compared under three irrigation techniques: conventional aboveground drip irrigation, subsurface irrigation installed directly under the vine row, and partial rootzone drying in which two subsurface lines were buried in the middle of the two interrow spacings on each side of the vine row with irrigation alternated between the two lines based on soil moisture content.

The impact of branched chain and aromatic amino acids on fermentation kinetics and aroma biosynthesis by wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

One of the major determinants of wine quality is the aroma. Wine aroma is the human perception of the matrix of grape and yeast derived volatiles and their interaction that contribute to flavour wine. Most common are higher alcohols, ester and aldehydes. In previous studies the formation of characteristic volatile compounds have been linked to the metabolism of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids
(BCAAs) in synthetic grape must. Here we report on an investigation to assess the impact of the initial amino acid concentration on the production of aroma compounds by the industrial yeast VIN13 grown in both synthetic and real grape musts.

Characteristics of ecological production of grape and wine in Prizren’s vineyard territory in Yugoslavia

Prizren’s vineyard territory-y assigned for ecological production of grapes and wine includes 1. 200 hectares of vineyard located in five separate localities which belongs to the P KB “Kosovo vina”, Mala Krusa in Prizren. Division of vineyard territory in zones was carried out in 1974. Pertaining to the vineyards, the climate and soil conditions have been studied and determined as well as topographie establishing of vineyard boundaries.

Temperature variability assessment at vineyard scale: control of data accuracy and data processing protocol

Climatic variability studies at fine scale have been developed in recent years with the reduction of material cost and the development of competitive miniaturized sensors. This work is forming part the LIFE-ADVICLIM project, of which one of the objectives is to model spatial temperature variability at vineyard scale. In the Bordeaux pilot site, a large network of data loggers has been set up to record temperature close to the vine canopy. The reduced distance between plant foliage and measurement equipment raises specific issues and leads to an increased rate of outliers compared to data retrieved from classical weather stations. Some of these were detected during data analysis, but others could not be easily identified. The present study aims to address the issue of data quality control and provide recommendations for data processing in climatic studies at fine scale.