Terroir 2010 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Différenciation de parcelles de Chenin du Val de Loire, a l’aide de l’etude des flores fongiques des raisins, en utilisant l’outil DGGE

Différenciation de parcelles de Chenin du Val de Loire, a l’aide de l’etude des flores fongiques des raisins, en utilisant l’outil DGGE

Abstract

Depuis le millésime 2002, une étude est menée sur la diversité de la flore fongique de parcelles du cépage chenin, situées essentiellement sur les appellations de Vouvray et Montlouis ; deux appellations séparées par le fleuve nommé la Loire. Les parcelles se situent dans des conditions pédoclimatiques différentes, qui se retrouvent au travers des suivis de maturité et l’état sanitaire.

L’objectif est d’utiliser la flore fongique comme facteur de différenciation entre les parcelles, et d’évolution au cours de la maturité. C’est dans ce cadre qu’un outil d’écologie microbienne a été utilisé : Denaturating Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). Après une étude spécifique sur les moisissures des raisins, qui ont permis d’établir le référentiel, les échantillons complexes constitués de l’eau de lavage des baies de raisins, ont été analysés. Ainsi, nous avons pu analyser et différencier plusieurs parcelles de cépage chenin, situées dans des conditions pédoclimatiques différentes.

English version: Since the vintage wine 2002, a study is led on the variety of the fungal flora of parcels of the Chenin vine, situated essentially on the controlled origin label of Vouvray and Montlouis; two controlled origin label separated by the river named the Loire. The parcels are situated in conditions different of soils and of climate, which meet through the follow-ups of maturity and the sanitary state.

The objective is to use the fungal flora as factor of differentiation between the parcels, and evolution during the maturity. It is in this frame that a tool of microbial ecology was used: Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). PCR-DGGE is a molecular method which allows the direct analysis of DNA in complex samples without any culture step. This method is based on the separation in a denaturing gradient of double-strand DNA fragments which have the same length but different nucleotide sequences. After a specific study on fungus of grapes, which allowed establishing the reference table, the complex samples constituted by some water of wash of the berries of grapes, were analyzed. This tool will allow us to draw a parallel between the dynamic of fungal populations present in different conditions of soil and of climate. PCR-DGGE showed its potentialities for a fast characterization of fungi in complex mixes.

DOI:

Publication date: October 8, 2020

Issue: Terroir 2010

Type: Article

Authors

L. Guérin (1), M.Bouix (2), P. Poupault (1), R. Laforgue (1), P. Mallier (3), A. Mallet (3), J. Dupont (4)

(1) IFV Tours, 46 avenue Gustave Eiffel, 37100 Tours, France
(2) AgroParistech, Département de microbiologie industrielle, 1 avenue des Olympiades, 91744 Massy Cedex, France
(3) Chambre d’Agriculture d’Indre et Loire, 38 rue Augustin Fresnel, 37170 Chambray les Tours, France
(4) Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution – Mycologie, 75005 Paris Cedex 05, France

Contact the author

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2010

Citation

Related articles…

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the quantification of terpens in wines

In a highly competitive worldwide market, a current challenge for the beverage sector is to diversify the range of products and to offer wines and spirits with typicity and character. During alcoholic fermentation, wine yeasts generate a large variety of volatile metabolites, including acetate esters, ethyl fatty acid esters, higher alcohols, volatile fatty acids and volatile sulfur compounds that contribute to the aroma profile of wine. These molecules, refered as fermentative aromas, are the most abundant volatile compounds synthetized by yeasts and the metabolic pathways involved in their formation have been well characterized. Furthermore, other molecules with a major organoleptic impact may be produced during wine fermentation including terpene derivatives. However, little information is available on the contribution of yeasts to the formation of these molecules, in particular on their ability to synthethise de novo the terpens derivatives or to produce hydrolytic enzymes involved in the release of varietal precursors.

Is early defoliation a sustainable management practice for mediterranean vineyards? Case studies at the portuguese lisbon winegrowing region

Context and purpose of the study ‐ Recently early defoliation (ED) has been tested in several high‐ yielding grapevine varieties and sites aiming at reducing cluster compactness and hence, regulating yield and susceptibility to botrytis bunch rot infection. The reported results have been generally positive, encouraging growers to use this canopy management technique as an alternative for replacing the conventional time‐consuming cluster thinning and, simultaneously, as a sustainable practice to reduce the use of fungicides. However, ED increases berry sunburn risks and/or can induce carry‐over effects on vigor and node fruitfulness as shown in the two case studies reported in this work.

Wines empirical perception and growers management practices in the Anjou Villages Brissac vineyard (France)

The concept of viticultural terroir includes soil, sub-soil, and climatic factors but also many management viticultural and oenological practices which are chosen according to know-how of the winegrowers.

Waste-free production of non-alcoholic wine as a sustainable technology

The growing demand for non-alcoholic wines, along with issues related to waste disposal and environmental pollution amid military conflicts, natural disasters, and industrial emissions, necessitates the implementation of environmentally sustainable technologies in the winemaking industry.

Characterization of non-cultivated wild grapevines in Extremadura (Spain) 

Several Eurasian wild grapevine populations were found along Extremadura region (southwestern Spain). For conservation and study, one individual from four different populations (named L1, L2, L5 and L6) was vegetatively propagated and planted at Instituto de Investigaciones Agrarias Finca La Orden (CICYTEX), Badajoz. The aim of the present work was to characterize those conserved individuals from four different populations based on both an ampelographic description and a molecular analysis. Three vines per individual were studied.