Terroir 2010 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Différenciation de parcelles de Chenin du Val de Loire, a l’aide de l’etude des flores fongiques des raisins, en utilisant l’outil DGGE

Différenciation de parcelles de Chenin du Val de Loire, a l’aide de l’etude des flores fongiques des raisins, en utilisant l’outil DGGE

Abstract

Depuis le millésime 2002, une étude est menée sur la diversité de la flore fongique de parcelles du cépage chenin, situées essentiellement sur les appellations de Vouvray et Montlouis ; deux appellations séparées par le fleuve nommé la Loire. Les parcelles se situent dans des conditions pédoclimatiques différentes, qui se retrouvent au travers des suivis de maturité et l’état sanitaire.

L’objectif est d’utiliser la flore fongique comme facteur de différenciation entre les parcelles, et d’évolution au cours de la maturité. C’est dans ce cadre qu’un outil d’écologie microbienne a été utilisé : Denaturating Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). Après une étude spécifique sur les moisissures des raisins, qui ont permis d’établir le référentiel, les échantillons complexes constitués de l’eau de lavage des baies de raisins, ont été analysés. Ainsi, nous avons pu analyser et différencier plusieurs parcelles de cépage chenin, situées dans des conditions pédoclimatiques différentes.

English version: Since the vintage wine 2002, a study is led on the variety of the fungal flora of parcels of the Chenin vine, situated essentially on the controlled origin label of Vouvray and Montlouis; two controlled origin label separated by the river named the Loire. The parcels are situated in conditions different of soils and of climate, which meet through the follow-ups of maturity and the sanitary state.

The objective is to use the fungal flora as factor of differentiation between the parcels, and evolution during the maturity. It is in this frame that a tool of microbial ecology was used: Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). PCR-DGGE is a molecular method which allows the direct analysis of DNA in complex samples without any culture step. This method is based on the separation in a denaturing gradient of double-strand DNA fragments which have the same length but different nucleotide sequences. After a specific study on fungus of grapes, which allowed establishing the reference table, the complex samples constituted by some water of wash of the berries of grapes, were analyzed. This tool will allow us to draw a parallel between the dynamic of fungal populations present in different conditions of soil and of climate. PCR-DGGE showed its potentialities for a fast characterization of fungi in complex mixes.

DOI:

Publication date: October 8, 2020

Issue: Terroir 2010

Type: Article

Authors

L. Guérin (1), M.Bouix (2), P. Poupault (1), R. Laforgue (1), P. Mallier (3), A. Mallet (3), J. Dupont (4)

(1) IFV Tours, 46 avenue Gustave Eiffel, 37100 Tours, France
(2) AgroParistech, Département de microbiologie industrielle, 1 avenue des Olympiades, 91744 Massy Cedex, France
(3) Chambre d’Agriculture d’Indre et Loire, 38 rue Augustin Fresnel, 37170 Chambray les Tours, France
(4) Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution – Mycologie, 75005 Paris Cedex 05, France

Contact the author

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2010

Citation

Related articles…

Unveiling the fungal diversity of Falanghina grapes and the role of autochthonous Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts in wine fermentation

Falanghina, a typical wine from the Sannio (Campania region, Italy), hosts a complex fungal microbiota that significantly influences both fermentation dynamics and sensory characteristics.

Terroir zoning in appellation campo de borja (northeast Spain): Preliminary results

The components and methodology for characterization of the terroir have been described by Gómez-Miguel & Sotés (1993-2014, 2003) and Gómez-Miguel (2011) taking into account the full range of environmental factors (i.e: climate, lithology, vegetation, topography, soils, altitude, etc.), landscape variables (derived from photo-interpretation and a digital elevation model), and specific variables to the country’s viticulture (i.e: size and distribution of the vineyards, varieties, phenology, productivity, quality, designation regulations, etc.).

“Terroir” studies in the Côtes du Rhône controlled appellation: from zoning to application

This work gives a summary of the most important programmes about viticultural « terroirs », developed on the « Côtes du Rhône » controlled appellation area for about twenty years.

The adaptative capacity of a viticultural area (Valle Telesina, Southern Italy) to climate changes

The viticulture aiming at the production of high quality wine is very important for the landscape conservation, because it allows to combine high farmer income with soil conservation

An overview of the impact of clone, environmental factors and viticultural techniques on rotundone concentration in red wines

Rotundone is the main aroma compound responsible for peppery notes in red wine. This positive and very potent molecule has an odor threshold of 8 ng/L in water and 16 ng/L in red wine. It has been detected in several grape varieties with some of the highest concentrations recorded in Syrah, Duras, Tardif and Noiret, an interspecific hybrid grown in the North-East of the USA. If several winemaking practices have been identified to lower rotundone in wine, up to date, no enological solution has proved its efficiency to maximize it. This means that efforts to produce high rotundone wines must be undertaken in vineyards. This work provides practical ways that can be used by winegrowers to modulate rotundone levels in their wines.