Genetic characterization of the Serine population for the sustainable Albanian viticulture

Abstract

Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera L. is a widely cultivated species used for both table grape and wine production. Although international grape varieties dominate the market, indigenous cultivars represent a valuable genetic resource for improving organoleptic qualities and preserving biodiversity. In recent years, several genetic characterisation initiatives have been launched with the aim of safeguarding and promoting local biodiversity, as well as clarifying issues of synonymy and homonymy among grapevine varieties. Albania, with its rich viticultural tradition, includes numerous autochthonous genotypes that remain poorly characterized. Among these is the heterogeneous population known as “Serine”, found in the Southern and Southeastern region of the country, which is the focus of this study. Sixteen samples identified as “Serine” were collected from the provinces of Voskop and Polenè. Genomic DNA was extracted and analysed using highly polymorphic SSR markers. The resulting allelic profiles revealed a notable degree of genetic variability within the Serine group. Comparative analyses with the European Vitis Database (Euvitis) showed partial similarity to the profiles of “Serine Syrah” and “Serina e Bardhe”, but no full genetic correspondence was observed. These findings suggest that the Albanian “Serine” population may represent a unique reservoir of genetic diversity. The results support the need for further molecular and agronomic studies aimed at clonal selection, with the objectives of conservation, valorisation, and the potential registration of new indigenous cultivars.