Impact of chitosan treatment on the physico-chemical features of a sangiovese red wine

Context and purpose of the study. Climate change is already threatening California vineyards, as they grapple with increasing extreme weather events and drier growing seasons.

In recent years several strategies have been proposed to cope with the effect of climate change on grape berry quality but only a few studies have dealt with the influence of management practices implemented in the field (e.g. irrigation,summer pruning, etc.), on the evolution of wines over time. 

Introduction increasing sustainability is essential and a societal challenge, requiring fundamental changes in behaviour and attitudes. This applies to both producers and consumers. For the wine industry in particular, such a change is a major challenge. An eip-agri research project is evaluating the introduction of a returnable glass system in the german wine industry as a key solution for increasing sustainability. Given the need for change associated with a returnable system, the project is theoretically grounded in systems innovation, as this approach provides solutions for complex, transformative change.

The weather anomalies comparing the 1971-2000 time frame and the last years has showned a dramatic scenario when, in some months, average temperature in above 3ºC and the reduction in precipitation in more than 30%.

Deleterious mutations that severely reduce population fitness are rapidly removed from the gene pool by purifying selection. However, evolutionary drivers such as genetic drift brought about by demographic bottlenecks may comprise its efficacy by allowing deleterious mutations to accumulate, thereby limiting the adaptive potential of populations. Moreover, positive selection can hitchhike mildly deleterious mutations due to linkage caused by lack of recombination. Similarly, in the context of species domestication, artificial selection mimics these evolutionary processes, which can have undesirable consequences for production and resilience. In this study, we evaluated the extent of the accumulation of deleterious mutations and the magnitude of their effects (also known as genetic load) at the whole-genome scale for ca.