 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Wine yeast species show strong inter- and intra-specific variability in their sensitivity to uv-c radiation

Wine yeast species show strong inter- and intra-specific variability in their sensitivity to uv-c radiation

Abstract

While the trend in winemaking is toward reducing the inputs and especially sulphites, the development of While the trend in winemaking is toward reducing the inputs and especially sulphites, the development of innovative process to ensure microbial stabilization is a relevant topic for the industry. UV-C process is a non-thermal technique widely used for food preservation. In this study, we evaluated the relative sensitivity to UV-C of various wine related yeast species. A first approach was conducted using a drop-platted system. 147 strains distributed amongst fourteen yeast species related to wine environment were plated on Petri dishes (with 3 different drop densities) and exposed to six increasing UV-C doses. An important variability in UV-C response was observed at the interspecific level. Cellar resident species, which are mainly associated with wine spoilage, expressed higher sensitivity to UV-C than vineyard resident species. A focus on B. bruxellensis species with 104 screened strains highlighted an important effect of the UV-C, with intra-specific variation. The impact of this intra-specific variation of UV-C sensitivity on wine treatment efficiency was then studied. Six B. bruxellensis strains(including two sulphites resistant strains) from three different genetic groups were separately inoculated in red wine Those inoculated wines were then treated in our home-made UV-C pilot which allows the continuous treatment of liquids at 200 L.h-1. 4968 J.L-1 were sufficient to achieve 4.70 and 5.17 log10 reduction for both sulphites resistant strains, resulting in populations lower than 1 CFU.mL-1 after UV-C treatment. 6624 J.L-1 were required to achieve the same level of population (<1CFU.mL-1) for 3 other strains. This treatment was not sufficient to achieve the same result only for one strain. These results highlight the potential of UV-C utilisation against wine yeast spoiler at cellar scale even in highly absorbent wine (α254 = 31.6 cm-1). They also show that intraspecific variability (in addition to the already known interspecific variability) may have an effect on the required doses for the microbiological stabilization of wines.

DOI:

Publication date: September 14, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Etienne Pilard

PhD student at ISVV,Jules HARROUARD PhD student at ISVV Warren ALBERTIN assistant professor at ISVV Cécile MIOT-SERTIER technician at ISVV Remy GHIDOSSI professor at ISVV

Contact the author

Keywords

UV-C treatment ; Wine shelf-life ; Brettanomyces bruxellensis

Citation

Understanding graft union formation by using metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches during the first days after grafting in grapevine

Since the arrival of Phyloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifolia) in Europe at the end of the 19th century, grafting has become essential to cultivate Vitis vinifera. Today, grafting provides not only resistance to this aphid, but it used to adapt the cultivars according to the type of soil, environment, or grape production requirements by using a panel of rootstocks. As part of vineyard decline, it is often mentioned the importance of producing quality grafted grapevine to improve vineyard longevity, but, to our knowledge, no study has been able to demonstrate that grafting has a role in this context. However, some scion/rootstock combinations are considered as incompatible due to poor graft union formation and subsequently high plant mortality soon after grafting. In a context of climate change where the creation of new cultivars and rootstocks is at the centre of research, the ability of new cultivars to be grafted is therefore essential. The early identification of graft incompatibility could allow the selection of non-viable plants before planting and would have a beneficial impact on research and development in the nursery sector. For this reason, our studies have focused on the identification of metabolic and transcriptomic markers of poor grafting success during the first days/week after grafting; we have identified some correlations between some specialized metabolites, especially stilbenes, and grafting success, as well as an accumulation of some amino acids in the incompatible combination. The study of the metabolome and the transcriptome allowed us to understand and characterise the processes involved during graft union formation.

Drought effect on aromatic and phenolic potential of seven recovered grapevine varieties in Castilla-La Mancha region (Spain)

The effects of climate change are seriously affecting the quality of wine grapes. High temperatures and drought cause imbalances in the chemical composition of grapes. The result is overripe grapes with low acidity and high sugar content, which produce wines with excessive alcohol content, lacking in freshness and not very aromatic. As a consequence, the search of varieties with capacity of produce quality grapes in adverse climate conditions is a good alternative to preserve the sustainability of vineyards. In this work, quality parameters of seven Vitis vinifera L. cultivars (five whites and two reds) recently recovered from extinction and grown under two different hydric regimes (rainfed and irrigated) were analyzed during the 2020 vintage. At harvest time, weight of 100 berries, must physicochemical parameters (brix degree, total acidity, malic acid, pH), and carbon and oxygen isotope ratios (δ13C, δ18O) were determined. Subsequently, varietal aroma potential index (IPAv) and total polyphenol index (TPI) were analyzed. Quality parameters, IPAv and TPI, showed significant differences between varieties and water regimes. Both red varieties, Moribel and Tinto Fragoso, stood out for their high aromatic and phenolic potential, which was higher under rainfed regime. Regarding to white varieties, Montonera del Casar and Jarrosuelto stood out in terms of varietal aroma potential. Montonera del Casar high acidity in its musts and Jarrosuelto showed the highest berry weights.

‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (Vitis vinifera L.) berry skin flavonol and anthocyanin composition is affected by trellis systems and applied water amounts

Trellis systems are selected in wine grape vineyards to mainly maximize vineyard yield and maintain berry quality. This study was conducted in 2020 and 2021 to evaluate six commonly utilized trellis systems including a vertical shoot positioning (VSP), two relaxed VSPs (VSP60 and VSP80), a single high wire (SH), a high quadrilateral (HQ), and a guyot (GY), combined with three levels of irrigation regimes based on different crop evapotranspiration (ETc) replacements, including a 25% ETc, 50% ETc, and 100% ETc. The results indicated SH yielded the most fruits and accumulated the most total soluble solids (TSS) at harvest in 2020, however, it showed the lowest TSS in the second season. In 2020, SH and HQ showed higher concentrations in most of the anthocyanin derivatives compared to the VSPs. Similar comparisons were noticed in 2021 as well. SH and HQ also accumulated more flavonols in both years compared to other trellis systems. Overall, this study provides information on the efficacy of trellis systems on grapevine yield and berry flavonoid accumulation in a currently warming climate.

Effects of graft quality on growth and grapevine-water relations

Climate change is challenging viticulture worldwide compromising its sustainability due to warmer temperatures and the increased frequency of extreme events. Grafting Vitis vinifera L.

Late frost protection in Champagne

Probably one of the most counterintuitive impacts of climate change on vine is the increased frequency of late frost. Champagne, due to its septentrional position is historically and regularly affected by this meteorological hazard. Champagne has therefore developed a strong experience in frost protection with first experiments dating from the end of 19th century. Frost protection can be divided in two parts: passive and active. Passive protection includes all the methods that do not seek to modify the vine’s environment or resistance at the time of frost. The most iconic passive protection in Champagne is the establishment of the individual reserve. This reserve allows to stock a certain quantity of clear wine during a surplus year to compensate a meteorological hazard like frost during the following years. Other common passive methods are the control of planting area (walls, bushes, topography), the choice of grape variety, late pruning, or the impact of grass cover and tillage. Active frost protection is also divided in two parts. Most of the existing techniques tend to modify vine’s environment. Most of the time they provide warmth (candles, heaters, windmills, heating cables…), or stabilise bud’s temperature above a lethal threshold (water sprinkling). The other way to actively fight is to enhance the resistance of buds to frost (elicitors). The Comité Champagne evaluates frost protection methods following three main axes: the efficiency, the profitability, and the environmental impact through a lifecycle assessment. This study will present the results on both passive and active protection following these three axes.