Macrowine 2021
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 First identification of a glycosylated fraction involved in mushroom-off-flavor in grapes: influence of B. cinerea, powdery mildew and C. subabruptus

First identification of a glycosylated fraction involved in mushroom-off-flavor in grapes: influence of B. cinerea, powdery mildew and C. subabruptus

Abstract

An organoleptic defect, called fresh mushrooms off-flavor, appeared in wines and spirits since the 2000’s. Numerous researches demonstrated that octen-3-one, octan-3-ol and octen-3-ol (C8 compounds) were involved in the mushroom off-flavor in wines (Pallotta et al., 1998), (Darriet et al., 2002). Botrytis cinerea and other moldsplayed a role in the metabolism of such molecules directly on the grapes (La Guerche et al., 2006). Moreover, producers couldn’t detect this off-flavor in must but it appeared only in finished wines and the intensity can vary considerably during ageing of wines. Several biogenesis pathways have been proposed to explain the mushroom off-flavor in foods. In the fungus kingdom, the formation of C8 molecules came from the transformation of linoleic acid under the action of several enzymes (Wurzenberger & Grosch, 1984). Glycosidic precursors of octen-3-ol have been identified in several plants such as recently in soybean (Matsui et al., 2018). However, under oenological conditions, no clear mechanism has been established yet. AIM: So, the aim of this work was to (i) identify glycosidic precursors of C8 compounds and (ii) to evaluate the influence of different rots on the glycosylated fractions of different grape varieties. For this purpose, we studied different grades of rot defined by visual intensity (healthy, 1-5%, 10-15% and 20-25% of rots) of grapes and musts of Meunier, Pinot noir and Chardonnay affected by Botrytis cinerea, Powdery mildew and Crustomyces subabruptus. METHODS: From analytical point of view, glycosylated precursors were extracted on C18 cartridges (Lichlorut RP-18, 500 mg),then cleaved by a beta-glycosidase enzyme (Rapidase Revelation Aroma, 40°C, Overnight) and aglycones were analyzed byGC-MS (FS and SIM mode) as reported by Schneider in 2001. RESULTS: For the first time, we identified a glycosylated fraction able to release fresh mushroom aroma (octen-3-one, octen-3-ol, octan-3-ol) in Meunier and Pinot noir musts. Indeed, contaminated musts of Pinot noir treated by beta glucosidase enzyme released three times more octen-3-one than control. In the samples infected with Powdery mildew, we didn’t observe any production of these glycosides. Botrytis cinerea seemed to decrease the level of octen-3-one glycoside(s) as soon as level contamination reached at least 1%. Finally, a Pinot noir must contaminated by Crustomyces subabruptus involved an increase of the glycosylated fraction responsible for the octen-3-one by 31% in comparison with uncontaminated sample. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the identification of a glycosylated fraction able to release fresh mushroom aroma compounds opens avenue to better understand the source of this specific taint and constitutes the first step to help winemakers to avoid off-flavor.

DOI:

Publication date: September 14, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Léa Delcros 

MHCS, Comité Champagne, Epernay, France,Teddy GODDET, SPO, Univ Montpellier INRAE, Institut agro, Montpellier, France  Sylvie COLLAS, Comité Champagne, Epernay, France  Marion HERVE, MHCS, Epernay, France  Bruno BLONDIN, SPO, Univ Montpellier INRAE, Institut agro, Montpellier, France  Aurélie ROLAND, SPO, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut agro, Montpellier, France

Contact the author

Keywords

octen-3-one, octen-3-ol, glycosides, mushroom off-flavor, wine, botrytis cinerea, powdery mildew, crustomyces subabruptus

Citation

Related articles…

Prevention of wine oxidation during barrel aging: an innovative method to measure antioxidant

Wine oxidation is a problem that affects the freshness, the aromatic profile, the colour and also the mouthfeel of the wine. It mainly concerns white wines. Oxygen interactions with wine compounds lead to the phenomena cited above that are responsible for the depreciation of these wines. Barrel aging is a crucial step in the wine process because it allows many modifications as wine enrichment, colour stabilization, clarification and also a slow oxygenation of the wine. Effects of the oak barrel have to be known to prevent oxidation of the wine. We have been interested in the main antioxidant compounds released by oak barrels to the wine and we have developed an innovative method to reach directly these antioxidant compounds at the oak stave surface.

Using ΔC13 to assess viticultural and oenological suitability for Sangiovese of different pedoclimatic conditions in Chianti

A two years trial was carried out in Chianti (Central Italy) to assess at the detailed scale the viticultural and oenological suitability for Sangiovese of different pedoclimatic conditions, by means of the ΔC13 measured in the must sugars

Étude des potentialités des terroirs viticoles: une démarche globale en zone A.O.C. L’exemple des Côtes du Rhône

Depuis près d’une quinzaine d’années, l’Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (A.O.C.) Côtes du Rhône a engagé un vaste programme afin de mieux connaître et valoriser les potentialités des différents terroirs qui la composent.

Acceptability of canned wines: effect of the level of involvement of consumers and type of wine

In recent years there has been a growing demand for alternative packaging designs in the food industry focused on diminishing the carbon footprint. Despite the environmental advantages of cans versus bottles, the traditional environment of wine has hindered the establishment of less contaminant containers. In this context, the objective of this study was to understand and generate knowledge about consumers´ perception of canned wines in comparison to bottled wines.

Data integration via modeling for adaptation to climate change and efficiency breeding in grapevine

Climate can greatly affect grape yield and quality (van Leeuwen et al., 2024). Growing suitable cultivars in a given region and or breed environmental resilient cultivars are essential for maintaining viticulture sustainability, particularly in the face of climate change (Wolkovich et al., 2018).

Macrowine 2021
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 First identification of a glycosylated fraction involved in mushroom-off-flavor in grapes: influence of B. cinerea, powdery mildew and C. subabruptus

First identification of a glycosylated fraction involved in mushroom-off-flavor in grapes: influence of B. cinerea, powdery mildew and C. subabruptus

Abstract

Content of the article

References

Section for all references

DOI:

Publication date: September 14, 2021

Issue: (ex: Issue: Terclim 2023)

Type: typeofpublication

Authors

author1, author2, author3

Presenting author

Description

List of affiliations ¹ ² ³

Contact the author

Email address (with mailto: link)

Keywords

List of different keywords (keyword1, keyword2, keyword3)

Tags

Citation

Related articles…

Impact of varying ethanol and carbonation levels on the odor threshold of 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphtalene (petrol off-flavor) and role of berry size and Riesling clones

1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphtelene (TDN) evokes the odor of “petrol” in wine, especially in the variety Riesling. Increasing UV-radiation due to climate change intensifies formation of carotenoids in the berry skins and an increase of TDN-precursors1. Exploring new viticultural and oenological strategies to limit TDN formation in the future requires precise knowledge of TDN thresholds in different matrices. Thresholds reported in the literature vary substantially between 2 µg/L up to 20 µg/L2,3,4 due to the use of different methods. As Riesling grapes are used for very different wine styles such as dry, sweet or sparkling wines, it is essential to study the impact of varying ethanol and carbonation levels.

Meso-scale future climate modeling (5 km resolution): application over French wine regions under the SRES A2 scenario (2041-2050)

In order to assess climate change at regional scales suitable to viticulture, the outputs of ARPEGE_Climat global model (resolution 0.5°) were downscaled using the Regional Atmospheric

Terroir and vine water relation effects on grape ripening and wine quality of Syrah/R99

A Syrah/R99 vineyard in the Stellenbosch area was used. The vineyard is vertically trained and spaced 2.75 x 1.5 m in north-south orientated rows on terroir with Glenrosa soil and west-facing slope. Irrigation (to 100% field water capacity) treatments were applied at different development stages [all stages (including berry set stage); pea size; véraison; post-véraison]. Combined effects of water status and ripeness level were investigated. Preliminary results are presented.

The impact of ethyl esters, monoterpenes and volatile thiols to the perception of tropical fruit aromas in white wines

Many varietal white wines have aroma qualities that incorporate various tropical fruit aromas. These tropical fruit aromas are found to be considered positive qualities of the wines with consumers having positive emotional responses [1].

Validation of phenological models for grapevine in the Veneto region

In this study we have compared the predictive ability of two phenological models: a traditional Thermal Time (TT) and a version of the more recently develop Unified Model (UM).