Validation of a high-throughput method for the quantification of volatile carbonyl compounds in wine and its use in accelerated ageing experiments
Abstract
AIM: the aim of this study was the optimization and validation of a robust and comprehensive method for the determination of volatile carbonyl compounds (VCCs) in wines. The protocol was then applied to determine the evolution of VCCs in wines after accelerated ageing. VCCs are widely present in foods and beverages; their formation is due to chemical reactions and biological processes where oxygen plays a key role [1]. However, many of these are side transformations that highly affect the final aroma. The total package oxygen is usually negligible in bottled wines. However, that amount combined with temperature and light, can modify the oxidative status with a consequent loss in varietal aroma and an increase in off-flavors and defects [2]. At the same time, several carbonyls are related to pleasant scents so the winemaking of many oxidized wines like Madeira, Port, Vin Santo is tailored to emphasize their productions. We expect that a high-throughput method for the measure of the concentration of carbonyls could be added as a new quality control tool for the evaluation of a complete fermentation, correct winemaking style, and proper bottling and storage.
METHODS: Various white wines (cv. Gewürztraminer) and red wines (cv. Teroldego) were submitted to accelerated-ageing process. All bottles were opened under inert atmosphere inside a sealed hood and submitted to the accelerated-ageing procedure, according to Oliveira et. al. [3]. The extraction procedure was based on the protocol purposed by Moreira et. al. [4], upgraded with a fully automated sample preparation performed by a CTC-PAL3 autosampler. The sample was transferred from the 2 mL vial (kept at 5°C) to a 20 mL vial and then spiked with internal standard (IS) and derivatizing agent (PFBHA) solutions. After a 7 minutes derivatization at 45°C, the SPME extraction is performed at 40°C for 20 minutes. Finally, the fiber desorption takes place at 250°C for 4 min. GC-MS analysis was carried out using a TSQ Quantum XLS Ultra Triple Quadrupole GC-MS/MS using MRM acquisition. Calibration curves were acquired in matrix using a commercial white wine treated with activated carbon to remove odor active compounds. Acetone d6, 4-methyl-4-penten-2-one d10, Octanal d16 and 4-fluorobenzaldehyde were used as IS. As many as 56 VCCs were the analytes under investigation.
RESULTS: all compounds showed a good linearity spanning from approximately 0.1 to 50 µg/L (R2>0.99). Intra-day and 5 days repeatability showed an RSD
DOI:
Issue: Macrowine 2021
Type: Article
Authors
University of Trento, Centre Agriculture, Food, Environment (C3A), San Michele all’Adige, Italy,Silvia, CARLIN, Research and Innovation Centre, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy Cesare, LOTTI, Research and Innovation Centre, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy. Fulvio, MATTIVI, University of Trento, Centre Agriculture, Food, Environment (C3A), San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
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Keywords
carbonyls, oxidation, ageing, accelerated ageing, solid-phase micro extraction, automatization, oxygen, off-flavors