 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 How the management of ph during winemaking affects acetaldehyde evolution and the formation of polymeric phenolics over the red wine aging

How the management of ph during winemaking affects acetaldehyde evolution and the formation of polymeric phenolics over the red wine aging

Abstract

AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of pH on both the acetaldehyde chemistry and wine phenolics evolution over the aging period. In addition, the effect of both an early (on musts) and late (on wines soon after the end of the fermentation) acidification was evaluated.

METHODS: The experimental design consisted in the preparation of 7 wines from the same batch of grapes fermented in a first tank at the original pH of 3.2 (3.2W) and two other tanks in which the pH was adjusted to 3.5 (3.5W) and 3.9 (3.9W). On the third day of fermentation, and one week after the end of the fermentation-maceration process some aliquots of both 3.5W and 3.9W were treated to reach a 3.2 pH to afford four more wines. Polymeric pigments and phenolics were evaluated by spectrophotometry, MS and NMR techniques, acetaldehyde and anthocyanins by HPLC-DAD and reactivity of tannins towards saliva by electrophoresis. Wines were analyzed soon after the end of the fermentation and after one-year aging.

RESULTS: By increasing the pH level from 3.2 to 3.9, the amount of low polymerized flavans, individual anthocyanins and tannins reactive to BSA and saliva decreased. Conversely, an increase of acetaldehyde, of pigments resistant to the bleaching, and of ethylene-linked polymeric pigments was detected. After one year of aging, wines treated to reach a 3.2 pH significantly differ from 3.2W in acetaldehyde, tannins reactive towards proteins and polymeric pigments. This behavior was more evident when the acidification was carried out soon after the end of the fermentation-maceration process.

CONCLUSIONS

High pH values favor the polymerization of phenolics over the wine aging and results suggested that the effect is predominant when pH was increased during the fermentation, hence successive pH modulations have little (if any) effect on some typical reactions occurring during wine aging.

DOI:

Publication date: September 14, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Angelita Gambuti

Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli “Federico II”- Enology Sciences Section, Viale Italia, 83100, Avellino, Italy, Luigi PICARIELLO, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli “Federico II”- Enology Sciences Section, Viale Italia, 83100, Avellino, Italy. Martino FORINO, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli “Federico II”- Enology Sciences Section, Viale Italia, 83100, Avellino, Italy Alessandra RINALDI, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli “Federico II”- Enology Sciences Section, Viale Italia, 83100, Avellino, Italy. Biolaffort, 126 Quai de la Souys, 33100 Bordeaux, France. Luigi MOIO, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli “Federico II”- Enology Sciences Section, Viale Italia, 83100, Avellino, Italy.

Contact the author

Keywords

red wine, aging, ph, polyphenols

Citation

Pacific Northwest wine regions and climates

This paper presents a review of wine regions in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of North America. The PNW consists of the states of Oregon, Washington and Idaho and the province of British Columbia.

Q-NMR measurements: quantitative analysis of wine composition applied to Bordeaux red wines authenticity control

Traceability of wine is today a consumer demand and a scientific challenge. The methods of analysis must be able to control three fundamental parameters: the geographical origin, the grape varieties, and the vintage.

Impact of press fractioning on Pinot noir and Pinot meunier grape juice and wine compositions and colour

The separation of different grape juice press fractions is an important step in the production of sparkling base wines. A complete press cycle for this style of wine is a series of pressure increases (squeezes) resulting in variations in juice composition during the press cycle. After alcoholic fermentation, wines obtained from grape juices also exhibit strong differences for numerous characteristics. Nevertheless, there is no statistical study of the impact of the press cycle on grape juices and wine colour/composition. So, the aim of this study (vintage 2018) was to investigate the changes in composition and colour parameters of Pinot noir and Pinot meunier grapes juices, as well as their corresponding wines, during the pressing cycle.

IDENTIFICATION AND LEVELS OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS (TANINS, ANTHO-CYANS) IN RED VARIETAL WINES (PROKUPAC AND BLACK TAMJANIKA) FROM SERBIA

The phenolic compounds of red wines represent a source of numerous benefits for human health, which is why they are a constant subject of scientific research. Winemaking in Serbia has a growing economic significance, with particularly autochthonous varieties included [1]. This research identifies and quantifies phenolic compounds of Serbian red varietal wines of Prokupac and Black Tamjanika varieties. Quantification of the level of phenolics has been conducted, including molecular tannins [(+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, procyanidin dimers B1, B2, B3, B4], molecular anthocyanins, and the mean degree of polymerization of tannins by HPLC by UV detection, total antioxidant capacity via spectrophotometric methods and chromatic characteristics via CIELAB.

Vineyard mulching offer many benefits beyond winter protection

Grapevines are susceptible to freezing damage at temperatures below -5°F during the winter season. Preventing winter injury to grapevines is a major challenge in many grape-producing regions. Conventional methods such as hilling-up soil over graft unions have been developed as winter protection methods for preventing vine loss. However, these practices have drawbacks such as soil erosion, vine damage and crown gall development.