 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Macrowine 9 Macrowine 2021 9 Chemical diversity of 'special' wine styles: fortified wines, passito style, botrytized and ice wines, orange wines, sparkling wines 9 Aromatic profile of chardonnay – clone 809: from berry to sparkling wine in an altitude vineyard

Aromatic profile of chardonnay – clone 809: from berry to sparkling wine in an altitude vineyard

Abstract

AIM: Wine consumption is linked to the aromatic profile, consumer acceptance, and reflects the viticultural and oenological practices applied, together with the study related to clones is a way to evaluate the adaptation, production, and search for differentiated aromatic characteristics. Thus, the aromatic profile of Chardonnay cultivar clone 809 was evaluated, due to its moscato character, in order to verify its potential for sparkling wines in the southeast region of Minas Gerais (Brazil) in comparison to clone 76 that the plantation is predominant in the region.

METHODS: The study was conducted in a 6-year-old experimental altitude vineyard of EPAMIG located at Caldas city, and vinification was performed according to the traditional method, Champenoise (18 months in sur lie). Grapes were harvested in the maturity stage for sparkling wine production and in both fermentation was applied Saccharomyces bayanus yeast. The free volatile compounds were identified by HS-SPME/GC-MS in two consecutive seasons, 2017 and 2018, and in the clones 76 and 809 of Chardonnay cultivar grafted onto 1103 Paulsen and trained on a vertical shoot positioned trellis.

RESULTS: It was pointed out between 54 and 90 compounds in all matrices (berry, must, base wine and sparkling wine), and the number of monoterpenoid compounds found in clone 809 was slightly more than double that found in clone 76 (31 compounds against 14), as was the abundance of these compounds in all of them. The multivariate analysis was applied for the base and sparkling wines evaluation for both clones and seasons, showing that the process steps differentiate in PC 1 (42.3%, base wine x sparkling wine), PC2 discriminated the clones (16.8%, clone 809 x clone 76), and the third component (15.1%) distinguished the base wines in seasons and the sparkling wines were grouped together conforming to the clone. Clone 809 was discriminated according to the following compounds: α-terpineol, linalool, ß-mircene, hotrienol, nerol oxide and limonene.

CONCLUSIONS

According to the multivariate analysis, the sparkling wines were grouped by their clones, suggesting that, regardless of the vintage, the sparkling wine, showed significant influence derived from clone genetics, and that according to the compounds confers floral, fruity and sweet aromas to sparkling wines elaborated with Chardonnay grape berries – clone 809. Although the data showed this difference between Chardonnay clones, the sensory analysis would be an additional tool to confirm the Moscato character and to guide further experiments.

DOI:

Publication date: September 15, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Naíssa, Prévide Bernardo

Food and Experimental Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ,Aline, de OLIVEIRA – Food and Experimental Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Renata, Vieira da MOTA – Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, Experimental Farm of Caldas, Grape and Wine Technological Center, Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil Francisco Mickael, de Medeiros CÂMARA – Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, Experimental Farm of Caldas, Grape and Wine Technological Center, Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil Isabela, PEREGRINO – Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, Experimental Farm of Caldas, Grape and Wine Technological Center, Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil Murillo, de A. REGINA – Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, Experimental Farm of Caldas, Grape and Wine Technological Center, Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil Eduardo, PURGATTO – Food and Experimental Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Contact the author

Keywords

vitis vinifera, moscato character, food analysis, grape, pca analysis, hs-spme, gc-ms, flavour

Citation

The effects of alternative herbicide free cover cropping systems on soil health, vine performance, berry quality and vineyard biodiversity in a climate change scenario in Switzerland

There is an urgent need in viticulture to adopt alternative herbicide-free soil management strategies to mitigate climate change, increase biodiversity, reduce plant protection products and improve soil quality while minimizing detrimental effects on grapevine’s stress tolerance and fruit quality. To propose sustainable solutions, adapted to different pedoclimatic conditions in Switzerland, we developed a multidisciplinary 4-year project, started in 2020. Objectives of the project are to a) evaluate the impact of green covers (spontaneous flora, winter cover crop and permanent ground cover) on environmental and agronomic parameters and b) develop subsequently innovative strategies for different viticultural contexts of Switzerland. The project is divided into 3 phases: 1) diagnosis, 2) on-farm and 3) on-station experiments. Phase 1) consisted in an assessment of 30 commercial vineyards all over Switzerland, where growers already use different herbicide-free soil management strategies. The most promising practices identified in this exploratory phase will be replicated in commercial vineyards across Switzerland (“on-farm”) as well as in a classical randomized block design in an experimental plot (“on-station”). For phase 1), measurements consisted in evaluation of soil status (compaction, structure, roots development), soil microbial diversity (metagenomics), plant diversity and biomass, vine physiology (water stress, vigor, leaf nitrogen) and berry quality (acidity, sugar, available nitrogen). Interestingly, the permanent ground cover resulted in a higher Shannon index thus a higher biodiversity as compared to the other itineraries. The winter cover crop increased vine nitrogen and vigor while deteriorating soil quality, leaving the soil more exposed and compacted likely due to more frequent tillage. The spontaneous flora led to higher berry sugar accumulation, less nitrogen and higher malic acid concentration putatively due to a higher water retention of the flora in a particularly wet vintage. Phases 2) and 3) are required to confirm those tendencies, over the 3 next vintages and different climatic conditions.

Updating the Winkler index: An analysis of Cabernet sauvignon in Napa Valley’s varied and changing climate

This study aims to create an updated, agile viticultural climate index (similar to the Winkler Index) by performing in-depth analyses of current and historical data from industry partners in several major winegrowing regions. The Winkler Index was developed in the early twentieth century based on analysis of various grape-growing regions in California. The index uses heat accumulation (i.e. Growing Degree Days) throughout the growing season to determine which grape varieties are best suited to each region. As viticultural regions are increasingly subject to the complexity and uncertainty of a changing climate, a more rigorous, agile model is needed to aid grape growers in determining which cultivars to plant where. For the first phase of this study, 21 industry partners throughout Napa Valley shared historical phenology, harvest, viticultural practice, and weather data related to their Cabernet sauvignon vineyard blocks. To complement this data, berry samples were collected throughout the 2021 growing season from 50 vineyard blocks located throughout 16 American Viticultural Areas that were then analyzed for basic berry chemistry and phenolics. These blocks have been mapped using a Geographic Information System (GIS), enabling analysis of altitude, vineyard row orientation, slope, and remotely sensed climate data. Sampling sites were also chosen based on their proximity to a weather station. By analyzing historical data from industry partners and data specifically collected for this study, it is possible to identify key parameters for further analysis. Initial results indicate extreme variability at a high spatial resolution not currently accounted for in modern viticultural climate indices and suggest that viticultural practices play a major role. Using the structure of data collection and analyses developed for the first phase, this project will soon be expanded to other wine regions globally, while continuing data collection in Napa Valley.

Pruned vine biomass exclusion from a clay loam vineyard soil – examining the impact on physical/chemical properties

The wine industry worldwide faces increasing challenges to achieve sustainable levels of carbon emission mitigation. This project seeks to establish the feasibility of harvesting winter pruned vineyard biomass (PVB) for potential use in carbon footprint reduction, through its use as a renewable biofuel for energy production. In order to make this recommendation, technical issues such as the potential environmental impact, chemical composition and fuel suitability, and logistical challenges of harvesting biomass needs to be understood to compare with the results from similar studies. Of particular interest is the role PVB plays as a carbon source in vineyard soils and what effect annual removal might have on soil carbon sequestration. A preliminary trial was established in the Waite Campus vineyard (University of Adelaide) to test current management strategies. Vines are grown in a Eutrophic, Red Dermosol clay loam soil with well managed midrow swards. A comparison was undertaken of mid-row treatments in two 0.25 Ha blocks (Shiraz and Semillon), including annual cultivation for seed bed preparation, the deliberate exclusion of PVB (25 years) and incorporation of PVB (13 years) at an average of 3.4 and 5.5 Mg/Ha-1 for Shiraz and Semillon respectively. In both 0-10cm and 10-30cm soil core sample depths, combined soil carbon % measures in the desired range of 1.80 to 3.50, were not significantly different between treatments or cultivars and yielded an estimated 42 Mg/ha-1 of sequestered soil carbon. Other key physical and chemical measures were likewise not significantly different between treatments. Preliminary results suggest that in a temperate zone vineyard, managed such as the one used in this study, there is no long term negative impact on soil carbon sequestration through removing PVB. This implies that growers could confidently harvest PVB for use in several end fates including as a bio fuel.

A predictive model of spatial Eca variability in the vineyard to support the monitoring of plant status

[lwp_divi_breadcrumbs home_text="IVES" use_before_icon="on" before_icon="||divi||400" module_id="publication-ariane" _builder_version="4.19.4" _module_preset="default" module_text_align="center" module_font_size="16px" text_orientation="center"...

Impact of geographical location on the phenolic profile of minority varieties grown in Spain. II: red grapevines

Because terroir and cultivar are drivers of wine quality, is essential to investigate theirs effects on polyphenolic profile before promoting the implantation of a red minority variety in a specific area. This work, included in MINORVIN project, focuses in the polyphenolic profile of 7 red grapevines minority varieties of Vitis vinifera L. (Morate, Sanguina, Santafe, Terriza Tinta Jeromo Tortozona Tinta) and Tempranillo) from six typical viticulture Spanish areas: Aragón (A1), Cataluña (A2), Castilla la Mancha (A3), Castilla –León (A4), Madrid (A5) and Navarra (A6) of 2020 season. Polyphenolic substances were extracted from grapes. 35 compounds were identified and quantified (mg subtance/kg fresh berry) by HPLC and grouped in anthocyanins (ANT) flavanols (FLAVA), flavonols (FLAVO), hydroxycinnamic (AH), benzoic (BA) acids and stilbenes (ST). Antioxidant activity (AA, mmol TE /g fresh berry) was determined by DPPH method. The results were submitted to a two-way ANOVA to investigate the influence of variety, area and their interaction for each polyphenolic family and cluster analysis was used to construct hierarchical dendrograms, searching the natural groupings among the samples. Sanguina (A3) had the most of total polyphenols while Tempranillo (A5) those of ANT. Sanguina (A2) and (A3) reached the highest values of FLAVO, FLAVA and AA. These two last samples had also the maximum of AA. The effect cultivar and area were significant for all polyphenolic families analyzed. A high variability due to variety (>50%) was observed in FLAVA and the maximum value of variability due to growing area was detected in AA (86.41%), ANT and FLAVO (51%); the interaction variety*zone was significant only for ANT, FLAVO, EST and AA. Finally, dendrograms presented five cluster: i) Sanguina (A2); ii) Sanguina (A3); iii) Tempranillo (A5); iv) Tempranillo (A3); Terriza (A3,A5), Morate (A5,A6); v) Santafé (A1,A6); Tortozona tinta (A1,A3,A6); Tinta Jeromo (A3,A4).