 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Macrowine 9 Macrowine 2021 9 Chemical diversity of 'special' wine styles: fortified wines, passito style, botrytized and ice wines, orange wines, sparkling wines 9 Aromatic profile of chardonnay – clone 809: from berry to sparkling wine in an altitude vineyard

Aromatic profile of chardonnay – clone 809: from berry to sparkling wine in an altitude vineyard

Abstract

AIM: Wine consumption is linked to the aromatic profile, consumer acceptance, and reflects the viticultural and oenological practices applied, together with the study related to clones is a way to evaluate the adaptation, production, and search for differentiated aromatic characteristics. Thus, the aromatic profile of Chardonnay cultivar clone 809 was evaluated, due to its moscato character, in order to verify its potential for sparkling wines in the southeast region of Minas Gerais (Brazil) in comparison to clone 76 that the plantation is predominant in the region.

METHODS: The study was conducted in a 6-year-old experimental altitude vineyard of EPAMIG located at Caldas city, and vinification was performed according to the traditional method, Champenoise (18 months in sur lie). Grapes were harvested in the maturity stage for sparkling wine production and in both fermentation was applied Saccharomyces bayanus yeast. The free volatile compounds were identified by HS-SPME/GC-MS in two consecutive seasons, 2017 and 2018, and in the clones 76 and 809 of Chardonnay cultivar grafted onto 1103 Paulsen and trained on a vertical shoot positioned trellis.

RESULTS: It was pointed out between 54 and 90 compounds in all matrices (berry, must, base wine and sparkling wine), and the number of monoterpenoid compounds found in clone 809 was slightly more than double that found in clone 76 (31 compounds against 14), as was the abundance of these compounds in all of them. The multivariate analysis was applied for the base and sparkling wines evaluation for both clones and seasons, showing that the process steps differentiate in PC 1 (42.3%, base wine x sparkling wine), PC2 discriminated the clones (16.8%, clone 809 x clone 76), and the third component (15.1%) distinguished the base wines in seasons and the sparkling wines were grouped together conforming to the clone. Clone 809 was discriminated according to the following compounds: α-terpineol, linalool, ß-mircene, hotrienol, nerol oxide and limonene.

CONCLUSIONS

According to the multivariate analysis, the sparkling wines were grouped by their clones, suggesting that, regardless of the vintage, the sparkling wine, showed significant influence derived from clone genetics, and that according to the compounds confers floral, fruity and sweet aromas to sparkling wines elaborated with Chardonnay grape berries – clone 809. Although the data showed this difference between Chardonnay clones, the sensory analysis would be an additional tool to confirm the Moscato character and to guide further experiments.

DOI:

Publication date: September 15, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Naíssa, Prévide Bernardo

Food and Experimental Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ,Aline, de OLIVEIRA – Food and Experimental Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Renata, Vieira da MOTA – Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, Experimental Farm of Caldas, Grape and Wine Technological Center, Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil Francisco Mickael, de Medeiros CÂMARA – Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, Experimental Farm of Caldas, Grape and Wine Technological Center, Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil Isabela, PEREGRINO – Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, Experimental Farm of Caldas, Grape and Wine Technological Center, Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil Murillo, de A. REGINA – Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, Experimental Farm of Caldas, Grape and Wine Technological Center, Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil Eduardo, PURGATTO – Food and Experimental Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Contact the author

Keywords

vitis vinifera, moscato character, food analysis, grape, pca analysis, hs-spme, gc-ms, flavour

Citation

Old but gold: the interest for minor grapevine varieties – a case study in the Veneto region (Italy)

The biodiversity of cultivated vines has been significantly reduced due to a series of factors that have favoured the cultivation of a limited number of varieties and clones over time. In veneto, since 1980, a series of important actions have been implemented to counter this process. These actions have focused on the conservation of germplasm identified in the territory and the recovery of varieties historically present in the region, which were in danger of being abandoned and disappearing.

Grapevine yield estimation in a context of climate change: the GraY model

Grapevine yield is a key indicator to assess the impacts of climate change and the relevance of adaptation strategies in a vineyard landscape. At this scale, a yield model should use a number of parameters and input data in relation to the information available and be able to reproduce vineyard management decisions (e.g. soil and canopy management, irrigation). In this study, we used data from six experimental sites in Southern France (cv. Syrah) to calibrate a model of grapevine yield limited by water constraint (GraY). Each yield component (bud fertility, number of berries per bunch, berry weight) was calculated as a function of the soil water availability simulated by the WaLIS water balance model at critical phenological phases. The model was then evaluated in 10 grapegrowers’ plots, covering a diversity of biophysical and technical contexts (soil type, canopy size, irrigation, cover crop). We identified three critical periods for yield formation: after flowering on the previous year for the number of bunches and berries, around pre-veraison and post-veraison of the same year for mean berry weight. Yields were simulated with a model efficiency (EF) of 0.62 (NRMSE = 0.28). Bud fertility and number of berries per bunch were more accurately simulated (EF = 0.90 and 0.77, NRMSE = 0.06 and 0.10, respectively) than berry weight (EF = -0.31, NRMSE = 0.17). Model efficiency on the on-farm plots reached 0.71 (NRMSE = 0.37) simulating yields from 1 to 8 kg/plant. The GraY model is an original model estimating grapevine yield evolution on the basis of water availability under future climatic conditions. It allows to evaluate the effects of various adaptation levers such as planting density, cover crop management, fruit/leaf ratio, shading and irrigation, in various production contexts.

Exploring between- and within-vineyard variability of “Malvasia di Candia aromatica” vineyards from Colli Piacentini

Several studies demonstrated how climate and soil may be key drivers of variability at different scales.

Rootstocks and climate change: adding up means learning faster

In this video recording of the IVES science meeting 2025, Gonzaga Santesteban (Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain) speaks about rootstocks, climate change and meta-analysis. This presentation is based on an original article accessible for free on OENO One.

Bud fruitfulness in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay in cool climate regions in South Africa

Bud fruitfulness is a key determinant of the potential and the actual yield. The formation of the grapevine yield spans over a period of two consecutive growing seasons (Ferrara & Mazzeo, 2023).