Terroir 2010 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 International Terroir Conferences 9 Terroir 2010 9 Historic and future climate variability and climate change: effects on vocation, stress and new vine areas (T2010) 9 L’effet du climat viticole sur la typicité des vins rouges: caractérisation au niveau des régions viticoles Ibéro-Américaines

L’effet du climat viticole sur la typicité des vins rouges: caractérisation au niveau des régions viticoles Ibéro-Américaines

Abstract

[English version below]

Il n’existe presque pas d’études qui caractérisent l’effet du climat viticole sur la typicité des vins en considérant les différents types de climats à l’échelle mondiale. Cette étude fait partie d’un projet CYTED de zonage vitivinicole. L’objectif a été de caractériser l’effet du climat viticole sur la typicité des vins sur une macro région viticole du monde. La méthodologie a été appliquée à un ensemble de 45 régions viticoles situées sur 6 pays Ibéro-Américains : Argentine, Bolivie, Brésil, Chili, Espagne et Portugal. Le climat viticole de chaque région viticole a été caractérisé para les 3 indices climatiques viticoles du Système CCM Géoviticole : IH (Indice Héliothermique de Huglin), (IF) Indice de Fraîcheur des Nuits) et IS (Indice de Sécheresse). Les principales caractéristiques sensorielles observées de façon fréquente sur des vins rouges représentatifs élaborés avec des raisins-de-cuve de chacune des ces 45 régions viticoles ont été décrites pour des œnologues de chaque pays, an utilisant la méthodologie proposée par Zanus & Tonietto (2007). L’évaluation sensorielle réalisée concerne l’intensité de perception de la Couleur (Cou), de l’Arôme Total (Ar), de l’Arôme – fruit mûr (Ar-Fm), de la Concentration (Con), de l’Alcool (Al), des Tanins (Tan), de l’Acidité (Ac) et la Longueur en bouche (Lon). Les données ont été soumises à l’analyse des corrélations pour l’ensemble des variables et à l’ACP. L’étude indique qu’une partie de la typicité des vins est déterminée par le climat viticole des régions et que les indices du Système CCM Géoviticole sont pertinents pour relier aux caractéristiques sensorielles des vins. Le déterminisme de l’IH, de l’IS et de l’IF a été mis en évidence.

There are many studies in the world that characterize the effect of the climate on grape composition and wine typicity concerning particular viticultural regions and climates. However, there are not studies, in a worldwide scale, that characterize this effect considering different climate types. This study is part of a CYTED project in vitivinicultural zoning. The objective was to characterize the effect of viticultural climate on the wine typicity on a macro viticultural region of the world. The methodology employed in this investigation used 45 grape-growing regions in 6 Iberoamerican countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Portugal and Spain. The viticultural climate of each region was characterized by the 3 viticultural climate index of the Géoviticulture MCC System (Tonietto & Carbonneau, 2004): HI (Heliothermal index), CI (Cool night index) and DI (Dryness index). The main sensory characteristics observed frequently in representative red wines produced with grapes of each of these 45 grape-growing regions were described by enologists in the respective countries, using the methodology of Zanus & Tonietto (2008). The sensory evaluation concerned to the intensity of perception of Color (Cou), Total Aroma (Ar), Aroma – ripe fruit (Ar-Rf), Body – palate concentration (Con), Alcohol (Al), Tannins (Tan) and Acidity (Ac). The Persistence in mouth (Lon) was also evaluated. The data were submitted to a correlation matrix for the variables and to a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed significant correlation effect for: HI – positive with Al and negative with Ac; DI – positive with Ac and negative with Al and Ar-Rf; CI – negative with Cou, Tan, Lon, Ar and Con. The results confirm the effect of the temperatures on increasing alcohol and reducing acidity perception of red wines. The soil water availability shows that higher values of DI contributes to rise the acidity perception and to diminish alcohol and aroma (ripe fruit) perception. The effect of nycto-temperatures during ripening was confirmed influencing several sensory characteristics of the wines: the cooler the night temperatures during maturation (lower CI values) the higher is the perception of color, aroma, palate concentration, tannins and the persistence in mouth. Part of the wine typicity of the regions was determined by the viticultural climate. Others are related with varieties, viticultural and wine making processes, among others in each region.

DOI:

Publication date: December 3, 2021

Issue: Terroir 2010

Type: Article

Authors

J. Tonietto (1), V. Sotés (2), M.C. Zanus (1), C. Montes (3), E.M. Uliarte (4), L. Antelo (5), P. Clímaco (6)
A. Peña (7), C.C. Guerra (1), C.D. Catania (4), E. Kohlberg (8), G. E. Pereira( 1), J.R. da Silva (9), J.V. Ragoût (10),
L.V. Navarro (10), O. Laureano (9), R. de Castro (9), R.F. del Monte (4), S.A. del Monte (4), V.D. Gómez-Miguel (2), A.Carbonneau (11)

(1) EMBRAPA Uva e Vinho, Rua Livramento, 515 – 95700-000 – Bento Gonçalves, Brésil
(2) UPM – Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Espagne
(3) CEAZA – Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Chili
(4) INTA – EEA Mendoza, Argentine
(5) PFCUVS-FAUTAPO, Desarrollo de Mercados, Bolivie
(6) INIA/INRB, Estação Vitivinícola Nacional, Portugal
(7) Universidad de Chile
(8) Expert Oenologue, Bolivie
(9) ISA-UTL – Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Portugal
(10) Expert Oenologue, Espagne
(11) AGRO Montpellier, France

Contact the author

Keywords

climat viticole, indice climatique, Système CCM, vin, typicité
viticultural climate, climatic index, MCC System, wine, typicity

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2010

Citation

Related articles…

Physiological and growth reaction of Shiraz/101-14 Mgt to row orientation and soil water status

Advanced knowledge on grapevine row orientation is required to improve establishment, management and outcomes of vineyards on terroirs with different environmental conditions (climate, soil, topography) and in view of a future change to more extreme climatic conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the combined effect of row orientation, plant water status and ripeness level on the physiological and viticultural reaction of Shiraz/101-14 Mgt.

Effects of mechanical leafing and deficit irrigation on Cabernet Sauvignon grown in warm climate of California

San Joaquin Valley accounts for 40% of wine grape acreage and produces 70% of wine grape in California. Fruit quality is one of most important factors which impact the economical sustainability of farming wine grapes in this region. Due to the recent drought and expected labor cost increase, the wine industry is thrilled to understand how to improve fruit quality while maintaining the yield with less water and labor input. The present study aims to study the interactive effects of mechanical leafing and deficit irrigation on yield and berry compositions of Cabernet Sauvignon grown in warm climate of California.

The effects of cane girdling on berry texture properties and the concentration of some aroma compounds in three table grape cultivars

The marketability of the table grapes is highly influenced by the consumer demand; therefore the market value of the table grapes is mainly characterized by its berry size, colour, taste and texture. Girdling could cause accumulation of several components in plants above the ringing of the phloem including clusters and resulting improved maturity. The aim of the experiments was to examine the effect of girdling on berry texture characteristics and aroma concentration.

Application of a fluorescence-based method to evaluate the ripening process and quality of Pinot Blanc grape

The chemical composition of grape berries at harvest is one of the most important factors that should be considered to produce high quality wines. Among the different chemical classes which characterize the grape juice, the polyphenolic compound, such as flavonoids, contribute to the final taste and color of wines. Recently, an innovative non-destructive method, based on chlorophyll fluorescence, was developed to estimate the phenolic maturity of red grape varieties through the evaluation of anthocyanins accumulated in the berry skin. To date, only few data are available about the application of this method on white grape varieties.

Different yield regulation strategies in semi-minimal-pruned hedge (SMPH) and impact on bunch architecture

Yields in the novel viticulture training system Semi-Minimal-Pruned Hedge (SMPH) are generally higher compared to the traditional Vertical Shoot Positioning (VSP). Excessive yields have a negative impact on the vine and wine quality, which can result in substantial losses in yield in subsequent vintages (alternate bearing) or penalties in fruit quality. Therefore yield regulation is essential. The bunch architecture in SMPH differs from VSP. Generally there is a higher amount but smaller bunches with lower single berry weights in SMPH compared to VSP.