Terroir, climat et sol

Grapevine cultivars can be unequivocally typed by both physical differences (ampelography) and genetic tests. However due to their very similar characteristics, the identification of clones within a cultivar relies on the accurate tracing of supply records to the point of origin. Such records are not always available or reliable, particularly for older accessions. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) provides the most highly detailed methodology for defining grapevine cultivars and more importantly, this can be extended to differentiating clones within those cultivars.

The search for underground shelters is one of the oldest forms of human habitation, providing refuge in extreme environments such as deserts and polar regions.

In a framework in which climate change is increasingly recognized as a critical global challenge, traditional viticulture must be reconsidered in order to provide better solutions for future needs [1].

Wine aroma analysis can be done by sensorial or instrumental analysis, the latter involving several me-thodologies based on olfactometric detection, electronic noses or gas chromatography. Gas Chromatography has been widely used for the study of the volatile composition of wines and depending on the detection system coupled to the chromatographic system, quantification and identification of individual compounds can be achieved.

 Temperatures are increasing due to climate change leading to advances in grapevine phenology and sugar accumulation in grape berries.