Terroir 2004 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Phototropic and geotropic shoot orientation: effect on physiological, vegetative and reproductive parameters

Phototropic and geotropic shoot orientation: effect on physiological, vegetative and reproductive parameters

Abstract

[English version below]

On a étudié l’effet de l’orientation des rameaux sur les paramètres physiologiques, végétatifs et reproductif durant deux saisons de croissance (2002/2003 et 2003/2004) dans la région de Stellenbosch dans une vignoble du cépage Merlot sur 99R conduite en espalier et taillé à cordon coursonné. Les vignes étaient espacées 2.7 x 1.5 m. L’irrigation a été appliquée quand la baie avait la dimension d’un pois et à la véraison. La végétation a été manipulé pour avoir les rameaux sur le même cordon orientés une partie vers le haut (phototropiques) et l’autre vers le bas (géotropiques). 
L’orientation vers le bas a réduit la longueur et la surface foliaire du rameau principal et des entre coeurs. Quand le rameau est orienté vers le bas les entre coeurs sur le même rameau sont plus homogènes. Le potentiel hydrique foliaire et de tige à midi évalué sur la feuille basale et apicale était inférieur dans l’orientation vers le bas au confronte de l’orientation vers le haut. Cela était particulièrement prononcé pendant la période de maturation du raisin. L’activité photosynthétique des feuilles basale et apicale des rameaux orientés vers le haut était plus haute que celle des rameaux orientés vers le bas, probablement, à cause des conditions microclimatiques plus favorables. Le poids, le volume et la longueur des grappes n’ont pas été sensiblement influencés par orientation du rameau. L’orientation vers le haut a sensiblement augmenté le glucose et l’acide tartrique des baies, le saccharose, l’acide malique et l’acide citrique étaient pratiquement inchangés. Moins d’eau a été perdue par les peaux des baies et cela a favorisé l’intensité de la couleur. Les résultats ont des implications importantes pour l’uniformité de composition de la baie et pour le choix du système de conduite dans les différents terroirs. 

The effect of shoot orientation during two growth seasons (2002/2003 and 2003/2004) on physiological, vegetative and reproductive parameters was investigated in the Stellenbosch area in a Merlot/R99 vineyard with a vertical trellising system. Vines were spaced 2.7 X 1.5 m in north-south orientated rows. Micro-sprinkler irrigation was applied at pea size berry and at vèraison stages. Observations were done on vines with a natural distribution and orientation of phototropically (upward) and geotropically (downward) shoots on the same cordon.
Soil water typically varied according to the progress in the season and with soil depth, decreasing towards the end of the season and increasing with depth. Geotropic orientation reduced the primary and lateral shoot length as well as the primary and secondary shoot leaf area. With phototropic shoot position, secondary shoots were more evenly distributed along the primary shoots. Basal and apical stem and leaf water potential was lower with geotropic orientation than with phototropic orientation. This was particularly pronounced during the ripening period. In spite of this, basal and apical leaf photosynthetic activity of the phototropically orientated shoots was higher than that of the geotropically orientated shoots, most probably because of more favourable microclimatic conditions experienced by the former. Bunch mass and volume and length of bunches were not significantly affected by shoot orientation. Phototropic orientation of shoots noticeably increased glucose and tartaric acid contents of the berries, whereas sucrose, malic acid and citric acid contents were virtually unaffected. In phototropically orientated shoots, less water was lost by the skins, favouring skin colour intensity. The results have important implications for bunch and berry composition uniformity and for trellising system selection on different terroirs

DOI:

Publication date: January 12, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2004

Type: Article

Authors

A. Pisciotta (1), R. Di Lorenzo (1) M.G.Barbagallo (1), C.G. Volschenk (2) & J.J. Hunter (2)

(1) Dipartimento di Colture Arboree, Università degli Studi di Palermo
Viale delle Scienze 11, 90128 – Palermo, Sicily, Italy
(2) ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa

Contact the author

Keywords

Merlot, shoot orientation, vegetative growth, photosynthetic activity, water potential, light interception, grape composition

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2004

Citation

Related articles…

Methodology to assess vine cultivation suitability using climatic ranges for key physiological processes: results for three South African regions

Le climat a de fortes implications sur le bon fonctionnement physiologique de la vigne et a besoin d’être quantifié afin de déterminer l’aptitude des régions à la culture de la vigne. Une méthode, qui pourrait éventuellement servir à prévoir l’aptitude des régions à la culture de la vigne, est proposée.

Postharvest ozone treatment in grapevine white cultivars: Effects on grape volatile composition

During postharvest management, the metabolism of fruits remains active and continuous physico-chemical changes occur. Ozone treatment has an elicitor effect on secondary metabolites and the treatment conditions can influence the grape response to the stress (Bellincontro et al., 2017; Botondi et al., 2015). Regarding volatile organic compounds (VOCs), previous studies showed that ozone treatment during postharvest dehydration induces the biosynthesis of terpenes in Moscato bianco grapes (Río Segade et al., 2017). It is well known that grape VOCs greatly influence the organoleptic properties of wines, particularly terpenes in aromatic varieties.

Pacific Northwest wine regions and climates

This paper presents a review of wine regions in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of North America. The PNW consists of the states of Oregon, Washington and Idaho and the province of British Columbia.

Catechins, NMR, Huntington’s disease, protein aggregation modulation

Catechins, a subclass of flavonoids widely found in plants and plant-based foods and beverages such as wine and tea, not only exhibit significant antioxidant properties [1], as extensively documented in the literature, but can also inhibit amyloid protein aggregation [2], a key process implicated in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s.

Application of a fluorescence-based method to evaluate the ripening process and quality of Pinot Blanc grape

The chemical composition of grape berries at harvest is one of the most important factors that should be considered to produce high quality wines. Among the different chemical classes which characterize the grape juice, the polyphenolic compound, such as flavonoids, contribute to the final taste and color of wines. Recently, an innovative non-destructive method, based on chlorophyll fluorescence, was developed to estimate the phenolic maturity of red grape varieties through the evaluation of anthocyanins accumulated in the berry skin. To date, only few data are available about the application of this method on white grape varieties.